Spanish Goat: History, Facts, Size, Habitat, Classification & Much More

By Morgan Gutierrez

Today, we’re diving into the captivating world of animals and exploring the fascinating Spanish Goat. These amazing creatures have a rich history and are filled with countless intriguing facts. From their size and habitat to their classification, we’ll cover it all just for you!

The Spanish Goat, also known as the brush goat, has a long and storied past. They were brought to the Americas by the early Spanish settlers in the 16th century and quickly became an essential part of the landscape. These hardy animals are known for their adaptability, which allowed them to thrive in a variety of environments.

In terms of size, Spanish Goats are considered medium-sized, with adult females typically weighing around 100 pounds and males reaching up to 175 pounds. They showcase a sturdy build with muscular bodies and short fur, which varies in color from black, brown, and white to a mix of all three. Their incredible strength and agility make them excellent climbers, allowing them to navigate steep mountain terrains with ease.

Found in various regions across the United States, Spanish Goats are primarily known for their resilience and ability to adapt to harsh environments. They are classified as domestic goats, which means they have been bred and raised by humans for centuries. Their classification highlights their significant role in agriculture and their importance as a source of milk, meat, and fiber.

So, if you’re fascinated by animals and eager to learn more about the incredible Spanish Goat, look no further! Stay tuned as we dive deeper into their history, unveil captivating facts, shed light on their size and habitat, and explore their classification. We’ve got everything you need to know about these amazing creatures, and don’t forget, we have an extensive article on over 155 different animal species already waiting for your perusal! Let’s get started on this exciting animal adventure!

History of Spanish Goat

The Spanish Goat is a breed of domestic goat that has a long and interesting history. These goats are believed to have been brought to the Americas by Spanish explorers and settlers in the 16th century. They were well-adapted to the harsh conditions found in the new world and became an important resource for early settlers.

The Spanish Goat quickly established itself as a hardy and resilient animal. It was able to survive in diverse environments, from the rocky mountain regions to the hot and arid deserts. This versatility made them invaluable to farmers and homesteaders, as they could be raised for meat and milk in areas where other livestock struggled to thrive.

Over the centuries, Spanish Goats continued to play an important role in agricultural communities. They provided a dependable source of food and income for many families. However, as modern farming practices and technologies began to emerge, the popularity of this breed declined. Many farmers turned to more specialized breeds, and the Spanish Goat population dwindled.

Fortunately, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in the Spanish Goat. Farmers and conservationists have recognized their unique qualities and the benefits they bring to sustainable and organic farming practices. Efforts are being made to preserve and promote this breed, ensuring that their important place in history is not forgotten.

In conclusion, the Spanish Goat has a rich history in the Americas, dating back to the colonial era. Their adaptability to various environments and their role in providing food and income to many families make them an important part of agricultural heritage. While their popularity declined for a time, efforts to preserve and promote the breed are now underway, ensuring that the legacy of the Spanish Goat will continue for generations to come.

Importance of Spanish Goat

The Spanish Goat is a special animal that has great importance. Let me tell you why!

First of all, Spanish Goats are really good at adapting to different environments. They can live in hot and dry places, as well as in cold and mountainous regions. This means that they are strong and can survive in many different places. This is important because it helps farmers who have these goats. It means that they don’t have to worry as much about the weather or the climate where they live.

Another reason why Spanish Goats are important is because they are great at eating all kinds of plants. They can eat grass, leaves, and even tree bark! This is helpful for farmers because they can use the goats to clean up areas where there are lots of plants and shrubs. It helps to clear the land and make it ready for planting crops. It’s like having little helpers who can do the job!

Lastly, Spanish Goats are known for their good milk, meat, and even their wool. This means that they are useful for farmers who want to use the goat products for their families or to sell. They can get milk to make cheese or soap, meat for food, and wool to make warm clothes. It’s like having a multi-purpose animal that can provide different things!

In conclusion, the Spanish Goat is an important animal because it can live in different environments, eat different plants, and provide useful products for people. It’s a versatile animal that helps farmers in many ways. So, the next time you see a Spanish Goat, remember how special and valuable it is!

Amazing Facts About Spanish Goat

1. Spanish goats are a breed of domestic goats that originated in Spain.
2. They have a medium-sized body with a strong and sturdy build.
3. Spanish goats are known for their adaptability to various climates and terrains.
4. These goats have a wide range of coat colorings, including black, brown, white, and combinations of these colors.
5. Spanish goats have long, twisted horns that can grow up to 20 inches in length.
6. They are excellent climbers and jumpers, allowing them to navigate rough and mountainous terrains.
7. Spanish goats are dual-purpose animals, meaning they are raised for both meat and milk production.
8. They have a reputation for being hardy and resilient, effectively foraging on limited vegetation.
9. Spanish goats are efficient at converting low-quality forage into high-quality milk and meat.
10. They are known for their reproductive capabilities, often giving birth to multiple kids in a single pregnancy.
11. Spanish goats are highly adaptable to their surrounding environment and require minimal human intervention.
12. These goats have a gentle temperament, making them easier to handle and manage compared to other breeds.
13. Spanish goat meat is often favored due to its tenderness, mild flavor, and leanness.
14. The milk of Spanish goats is also highly nutritious and used to produce a variety of cheeses.
15. They are held in high regard by farmers and ranchers due to their resilience, versatility, and ability to thrive in challenging conditions.

Can we keep Spanish Goat as our Pet?

The Spanish Goat is a unique animal that many people find fascinating. Some might wonder if it can be kept as a pet. However, it’s important to note that the Spanish Goat is not suitable for domestication or as a pet in today’s world.

The Spanish Goat, also known as the brush goat or scrub goat, is a breed that originated in Spain. This breed was well-adapted to the harsh conditions of its native land and could endure various climates and terrains. However, due to changes in agriculture and farming practices, the Spanish Goat population has significantly declined over the years.

Sadly, the Spanish Goat is now considered an endangered breed, meaning that its numbers have greatly reduced to the point of being at risk of extinction. Preserving and protecting the remaining individuals of this breed is crucial for maintaining biodiversity. As a result, it is strictly prohibited to keep Spanish Goats as pets or attempt to domesticate them. Instead, efforts are being made to conserve the breed in specialized sanctuaries and breeding programs.

In conclusion, the Spanish Goat is a remarkable animal but is not suitable for keeping as a pet. Its endangered status emphasizes the need for conservation rather than domestication. By understanding and appreciating the importance of protecting endangered species such as the Spanish Goat, we can help preserve the diverse and wonderful natural world around us.

Size of Spanish Goat

The Spanish goat is a medium-sized animal. They are not as big as cows or horses, but they are larger than many other types of goats. On average, a Spanish goat can measure up to 22-30 inches tall at the shoulder. The males, known as bucks, are generally bigger and heavier than the females, called does. They can weigh around 180-250 pounds, while the does usually range between 120-160 pounds.

These goats have a well-built body with strong legs that help them move around easily. Their bodies are a bit longer than most other goat breeds, and they have a broad chest. The Spanish goat also possesses a deep and wide ribcage, which allows them to eat a lot of food. They have a straight back and carry themselves with elegance and poise.

Their size is not only important for their appearance but also serves a purpose. Being larger and heavier, Spanish goats can be used for meat production. Their size allows them to have a good amount of meat on their bodies, making them a valuable resource for farmers and ranchers. Additionally, their medium size also makes them easy to handle and manage.

In summary, the Spanish goat is a medium-sized animal measuring around 22-30 inches tall at the shoulder. With their well-built bodies, strong legs, and broad chest, they move gracefully and with confidence. Their size makes them suitable for meat production and easy to handle on farms.

Habitat of Spanish Goat

The Spanish goat is a resilient animal that has adapted well to different habitats around the world. It is commonly found in dry and mountainous regions where the vegetation is sparse and the climate is harsh. These goats are known for their ability to survive in extreme conditions and their resistance to certain diseases.

One of the preferred habitats for Spanish goats is in hilly or mountainous areas that have limited access to water and vegetation. These goats have excellent climbing skills and are able to navigate steep slopes with ease. They are able to survive on a diet of shrubs, brush, and tough grasses that are commonly found in these regions.

Another habitat that Spanish goats thrive in is arid or desert-like environments. These goats have a unique ability to conserve water and are adapted to consuming low moisture feed. They do not need to drink water as frequently as other animals, allowing them to survive in areas with limited water sources.

Spanish goats have also been successfully introduced to various parts of the world, including the United States and Australia, where they have adapted to different environments. This ability to thrive in various habitats makes them a versatile and highly adaptable breed.

In summary, the Spanish goat is a resilient animal that can survive in different habitats, including hilly or mountainous regions and arid or desert-like environments. With their excellent climbing skills and ability to conserve water, they have managed to establish themselves in various parts of the world. Their adaptability makes them a valuable breed that can thrive in different conditions.

Evolution of Spanish Goat

The evolution of the Spanish goat has been a fascinating journey. These goats have adapted and changed over time to survive in different environments. They have been domesticated for thousands of years and have become an important animal in many parts of the world.

The Spanish goat has its origins in Spain, where it was first bred by ancient civilizations living in the region. These goats were well-suited to the rugged and rocky terrain of Spain, as they had strong hooves and a nimble agility that allowed them to navigate the challenging landscape. Over time, Spanish goats developed a strong resistance to diseases and parasites, making them hardy and resilient.

As Spanish explorers traveled the world, they took Spanish goats with them on their ships. These goats were able to adapt to new environments and thrive in places like the Americas, Africa, and Asia. In these new locations, the Spanish goats continued to evolve and adapt to the local conditions, resulting in different breeds with unique characteristics. They became known for their ability to forage, their milk production, and their meat quality.

Today, Spanish goats can be found in many parts of the world, including the United States, where they are valued for their hardiness and versatility. These goats continue to be bred and adapted to meet the needs of modern farmers and ranchers. They are a testament to the incredible ability of animals to evolve and survive in diverse environments.

Classification of Spanish Goat

The Spanish Goat, also known as the Capra hircus, is a breed of domestic goat that has a long and fascinating history. These goats are native to Spain and are commonly found in different regions of the country. They are known for their adaptability and have been bred to thrive in various climates and terrains.

In terms of classification, Spanish Goats belong to the Animalia Kingdom, which includes all animals. They are further classified under the Chordata Phylum, which includes animals with a spinal cord. Within the Chordata Phylum, they belong to the Mammalia Class, which includes mammals that give birth to live young and nurse them with milk. They are also classified under the Artiodactyla Order, which includes even-toed ungulates like cows, deer, and antelopes. Finally, they are categorized under the Bovidae Family, which includes animals like goats, sheep, and cattle.

Spanish Goats are known for their small to medium-size, with a height ranging from 16 to 28 inches. They have a sturdy build, with males weighing around 125 to 200 pounds, and females weighing about 75 to 155 pounds. They have short and smooth hair, which can come in various colors, including black, brown, or white. These goats have a distinctive appearance, with long, twisted horns and a beard on the chin.

In conclusion, the Spanish Goat is a unique and adaptable breed of domestic goat. They are classified under the Animalia Kingdom, Chordata Phylum, Mammalia Class, Artiodactyla Order, and Bovidae Family. Their physical characteristics, such as medium size, short hair, and distinctive horns, make them easily recognizable. Spanish Goats have been bred to thrive in various climates and terrains, making them a highly versatile and resilient breed.

Types of Spanish Goat

1. Yorshire Goat: A popular breed of Spanish goat known for its adaptability and high milk production. Has a calm temperament, making it easier to handle and suitable for dairy farming.

2. Murciana-Granadina Goat: Another common Spanish goat breed valued for its high milk yield, especially for making traditional goat cheeses. Has a strong constitution and adapts well to harsh climates.

3. Retinta Goat: This type of goat is highly appreciated for its high-quality meat production, known for its tenderness and flavor. Raised mainly for meat purposes, it is a hardy and adaptable breed.

4. Malagueña Goat: A Spanish breed native to the province of Malaga, known for its excellent milk production. Resistant to diseases and parasites, it is well-suited for milk production in rugged terrains.

5. Florida Goat: A dual-purpose breed used for both meat and milk production. These goats have high fertility rates, and their milk is often used to make traditional Spanish cheeses. They are easy to handle and adapt well to different environments.

6. Pyrenean Goat: Native to the Pyrenees mountains, this breed is well-adapted to living in rugged terrains and harsh climates. It is highly valued for its meat production and known for its robust, adaptable, and hardy nature.

7. Canary Goat: An ancient breed native to the Canary Islands, these goats are recognized for their excellent milk production, particularly for making unique Canarian cheeses. They have a docile nature and adapt well to a range of environments.

8. Verata Goat: Known for its rich and creamy milk, the Verata goat is a popular breed in Spain for making traditional goat cheeses. Endemic to the Extremadura region, it is a hardy and resilient breed.

9. Albaicin Goat: Originating from Granada, these goats are prized for their milk production, which is used extensively for traditional Spanish dairy products. They are known for their docile temperament and adaptability to mountainous areas.

10. Guadarrama Goat: A breed found mainly in the Sierra de Guadarrama in central Spain, this goat is versatile and well-suited for extensive grazing and meat production. Its meat is highly regarded for its flavor, lean characteristics, and tenderness.

Geographical Presence of Spanish Goat

The Spanish Goat animal is mainly found in the region of Spain, which is located in southwestern Europe. These goats have adapted to the diverse landscapes of Spain, including mountainous regions, dry scrublands, and grassy pastures. Their ability to thrive in these different environments has made them well-suited for the Spanish countryside.

However, Spanish Goats are not found exclusively in Spain. They have been exported to various parts of the world, such as the United States, Mexico, and other countries in Latin America. In these regions, they are often bred for their meat and milk production or used for vegetation control due to their ability to forage on diverse plant species.

Unfortunately, Spanish Goats are not present in every part of the world. As they are native to Spain, they are not typically found in countries or regions that are far away from Spain, such as Asia or the Arctic regions. These areas may not have the suitable climate or terrain for the Spanish Goat to thrive.

In summary, the Spanish Goat animal is primarily found in Spain. However, due to their versatile nature, they can also be found in other countries where they have been introduced. On the other hand, they are not found in regions that are far away from Spain, such as Asia or the Arctic regions.

Scientific Name of Spanish Goat

The scientific name of the Spanish Goat animal is Capra hircus. Capra is the genus name, which is a classification for a group of closely related species. Hircus is the species name which refers to the Spanish Goat specifically.

The Spanish Goat, or Capra hircus, is a domesticated breed of goat that originates from Spain. It is a hardy and adaptable animal, known for its ability to thrive in various environments, including arid and mountainous regions. Spanish Goats have a medium-sized body and exhibit a wide range of coat colors, including black, white, or a combination of both.

In addition to its adaptability, the Spanish Goat is known for its high fertility and excellent mothering abilities. They are often raised for meat, milk, and other dairy products. These goats are also valued for being good foragers, helping to control unwanted vegetation in their grazing areas. Because of its diverse uses and resilience, the Spanish Goat has become popular worldwide, with breeders recognizing its valuable traits.

In summary, the Spanish Goat, scientifically known as Capra hircus, is a versatile and productive domesticated breed. It is well-suited for various environments, has excellent reproductive capabilities, and can be raised for meat and dairy production. This breed has gained recognition globally due to its adaptability and valuable characteristics.

Diet of Spanish Goat

The Spanish goat, like other goats, has a simple but diverse diet. These goats graze on a variety of plants like grasses, weeds, and shrubs. They are known to be quite adventurous in their food choices and can eat many different types of vegetation.

In the wild, Spanish goats forage for their food and can be seen munching on grasses and shrubs. On farms or in domestic settings, they are usually given a balanced diet that includes hay, grains, and sometimes even vegetables. It is important to feed them properly to ensure they grow strong and healthy.

The Spanish goat is also known for its ability to browse. Browsing means they eat leaves and twigs from trees and shrubs. This behavior allows them to find additional sources of food, especially in areas where grass may be scarce. It is interesting to see them reach up with their long necks to nibble on the tasty leaves.

In essence, the diet of the Spanish goat consists primarily of grasses, weeds, shrubs, and sometimes trees. They are excellent at finding their own food in the wild, but when they are domesticated, they are usually given a balanced diet that includes hay and grains. With their diverse and adaptable eating habits, Spanish goats can thrive in many different environments.

Locomotion of Spanish Goat

The Spanish goat moves in a fascinating way known as locomotion. Locomotion is how animals travel from one place to another. The Spanish goat has four legs, which helps it to walk and run. It uses its strong muscles to move its legs and to jump over obstacles when needed.

When the Spanish goat walks, it puts one leg in front of the other. This is called walking on all fours. It carefully lifts each leg off the ground and takes another step. When it wants to run, it moves its legs very quickly. This helps it to go faster and cover more distance. The Spanish goat can also jump using its powerful hind legs. This helps it to climb over rocks or other hurdles in its path.

In summary, the Spanish goat moves using locomotion, which is how it travels. It walks by putting one leg in front of the other, runs by moving its legs quickly, and jumps using its strong hind legs. By using these different movements, the Spanish goat can explore its surroundings and go where it wants to go!

Social and Sexual Behaviour of Spanish Goat

Spanish goats are known for their social behaviors, which involve living in groups called herds. These herds are usually made up of females, called does, and their young, as well as a dominant male, called a buck. Within the herd, goats display hierarchical behavior, where the dominant goat asserts its authority over the others. The dominant male usually mates with the females and protects the herd from any dangers.

When it comes to sexual behavior, Spanish goats mate during a specific period called the breeding season. During this time, the dominant male competes with other males to gain access to the females for mating. They showcase their dominance by headbutting and displaying aggressive behaviors towards each other. The male with the highest dominance gets the chance to mate with the females.

Spanish goats also engage in a behavior called “flehmen response.” This is when they curl their upper lip and lift their head to analyze scents or pheromones. It helps them identify the reproductive status of a female goat and determines if she is ready to mate.

In summary, Spanish goats live in social groups called herds, with a dominant male and females. They showcase hierarchical behavior, with the dominant male asserting control over the others. During the breeding season, mating occurs, and the most dominant male gets the opportunity to reproduce. The flehmen response is a behavior they use to detect the readiness of females for mating.

Reproduction and Lifecycle of Spanish Goat

The reproduction and life cycle of the Spanish goat animal is an interesting process. These goats have a unique way of bringing new life into the world. Let’s delve into their remarkable journey.

The Spanish goat is known to have a polyestrous reproductive cycle. This means that the females can go into heat multiple times throughout the year. When a female goat is ready to mate, she will show signs such as restlessness, wagging her tail, and making distinct sounds to attract a male. Male goats, also known as bucks, will then compete with each other to win the female’s attention. This competition includes head-butting, pushing, and other displays of strength.

Once the female goat is bred, she will go through a gestation period that lasts for about 5 months. During this time, the unborn baby goats, known as kids, develop inside their mother’s womb. When it’s time to give birth, the mother goat will find a safe and secluded spot to deliver her kids. Typically, Spanish goats give birth to 1 to 3 kids at a time.

The life cycle of a Spanish goat begins as a kid. These adorable creatures are born with the ability to stand and walk shortly after birth. They rely on their mother’s milk for nutrition and protection. As they grow, they start to eat solid food alongside the milk, until they can fully transition to grazing on plants. Spanish goats reach sexual maturity at around 5 to 12 months, depending on the individual.

In summary, Spanish goats have a fascinating reproductive process and life cycle. From mating and pregnancy to the birth of kids and their growth into adulthood, these animals offer an intriguing glimpse into the wonders of nature. Understanding their reproductive and life cycle can provide us with a deeper appreciation for the remarkable journey of Spanish goats.

Threats to Spanish Goat

The Spanish Goat, like many other animal species, faces several threats that endanger its population. One major threat is habitat loss and fragmentation. Due to deforestation and urbanization, the natural habitats of these goats are being destroyed or disrupted. This prevents them from finding enough food and water, and also reduces their living space.

Another significant threat to Spanish Goats is predation by natural predators. As their numbers decline, these goats become more vulnerable to attacks by large carnivores, such as wolves and mountain lions. With the loss of their natural habitats, these predators are often forced to venture into human-populated areas, increasing the chances of encounters between them and the goats.

Additionally, climate change poses a serious threat to Spanish Goats. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and changing precipitation patterns can have detrimental effects on their survival. These goats are adapted to specific environmental conditions, such as dry and rocky terrains. However, climate change alters these conditions, making it harder for them to find suitable habitats and resources to survive.

In conclusion, the Spanish Goat faces multiple threats that put its population at risk. Habitat loss, predation, and climate change are among the major factors contributing to their decline. It is crucial to address these threats by implementing conservation measures, such as protecting their natural habitats, managing predator populations, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. By taking action, we can help ensure the survival of the Spanish Goat and maintain the biodiversity of our planet.

Population of Spanish Goat

The population of the Spanish Goat animal is estimated to be around 7 million. These goats can be found in various regions across Spain, making them an important part of the country’s agricultural and rural economy. With their adaptability to different climates and vegetation, they have become popular among farmers for their meat, milk, and wool production.

However, if the Spanish Goat were to become extinct, it would mean that there are no more of these animals left in the world. Extinction can happen due to several reasons, such as habitat loss, climate change, diseases, or hunting. It is important to protect and conserve these animals, as losing them would disrupt the balance of nature and impact the livelihoods of those who depend on them for food and resources.

To prevent the extinction of the Spanish Goat, efforts are being made to increase their population through breeding programs and sustainable farming practices. Awareness campaigns are also being conducted to educate people about the importance of preserving these animals and their habitats. By taking these actions, we can help ensure that future generations can continue to enjoy the benefits of having Spanish Goats as a part of our diverse animal kingdom.

Conclusion

In summary, the Spanish Goat is an interesting and unique animal. It has a long and rich history, being one of the oldest goat breeds in the world. Spanish Goats are known for their adaptability and resilience, as they have managed to survive in various climates and terrains throughout the years. They are hardy animals that can withstand harsh conditions and thrive in areas with limited resources.

These goats have a medium to large size, with males being larger than females. Their size may vary depending on the region they come from, but generally, they have a sturdy and muscular build. Spanish Goats can adapt to different habitats, including mountains, forests, and plain areas. Their ability to adapt to different environments has contributed to their widespread distribution.

In terms of classification, Spanish Goats belong to the Capra hircus species. They are domesticated animals that have been selectively bred for their desirable traits. Over time, they have developed certain characteristics that make them distinct from other goat breeds. Their history, size, habitat, and classification all contribute to the unique traits and qualities of the Spanish Goat.

Frequently Asked Questions about Spanish Goat (FAQ’s)

Q: What is a Spanish goat?
A: The Spanish goat is a breed of domestic goat that originated in Spain and is known for its hardy and adaptable nature.

Q: What are the physical characteristics of a Spanish goat?
A: Spanish goats commonly have short to medium hair, straight or slightly curved horns, and ears that are usually large and droopy.

Q: What is the average size of a Spanish goat?
A: Spanish goats are typically small to medium-sized, with males weighing between 125 and 200 pounds, and females weighing between 75 and 150 pounds.

Q: Are Spanish goats only found in Spain?
A: No, Spanish goats were introduced to various parts of the world, including the United States, Mexico, and other countries, where they are now bred and raised.

Q: Are Spanish goats good for meat production?
A: Yes, Spanish goats are renowned for their meat production. Their meat is known for its flavorful taste and range of uses.

Q: Can Spanish goats survive in harsh environmental conditions?
A: Yes, Spanish goats are highly adaptable and can survive in a variety of climates, including arid regions and mountainous terrains.

Q: How long do Spanish goats live?
A: On average, Spanish goats have a lifespan of about 10 to 15 years, although this can vary depending on their overall health and living conditions.

Q: Are Spanish goats good at foraging?
A: Yes, Spanish goats have excellent foraging abilities and are efficient at browsing and eating different types of vegetation, making them valuable for land management.

Q: Can Spanish goats be used for milk production?
A: While Spanish goats are not particularly known for their milk production, some individuals can be milked for personal use.

Q: Do Spanish goats require a lot of space?
A: Spanish goats are adaptable and can thrive in a range of environments, but they do require ample space where they can roam and browse.

Q: Are Spanish goats easy to care for?
A: Generally, Spanish goats are considered to be low-maintenance animals that are resilient and have good natural instincts.

Q: Are Spanish goats suitable for beginners?
A: Yes, Spanish goats are often recommended for beginners as they are hardy, adaptable, and relatively easy to handle and care for.

Q: Can Spanish goats be used to control vegetation growth?
A: Yes, Spanish goats are commonly used for targeted grazing to manage vegetation, reduce fire hazards, and restore landscapes.

Q: Do Spanish goats have any specific health issues?
A: Overall, Spanish goats are known for their resilience and adaptability, but they can still be susceptible to common goat health concerns such as parasite infestations or respiratory infections.

Q: What is the temperament of Spanish goats?
A: Spanish goats are generally known for their docile and calm temperament, although individual variations in behavior can occur.

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