Border Terrier: History, Facts, Size, Habitat, Classification & Much More

By Tyler Swan

Are you curious about the Border Terrier? These small, intelligent canines are a delight to learn about. In this blog post, we will explore the history, facts, size, habitat, and classification of this fascinating animal.

The Border Terrier has a rich history that begins in the borderlands of England and Scotland. Originally bred for hunting vermin, these sturdy little dogs were prized for their ability to navigate underground burrows. Today, they are loved for their friendly and affectionate nature, making them popular family pets.

In terms of size, Border Terriers are small but mighty. They typically stand around 10-11 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh between 11.5-15.5 pounds. Their compact size makes them adaptable to various living environments, whether it’s an apartment in the city or a house in the countryside.

When it comes to habitat, Border Terriers are known for their adaptability and versatility. These dogs thrive in both rural and urban settings. They enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking and playing fetch, but they also appreciate a cozy spot by the fireplace indoors.

In terms of classification, the Border Terrier belongs to the Terrier group, which is characterized by their energy, intelligence, and exuberance. They are known for their distinctive appearance, with a wiry and dense double coat that requires regular grooming to keep it healthy and tidy.

So, if you’re interested in learning more about the Border Terrier, keep an eye out for our upcoming blog post. And don’t forget, we already have an article on 155+ Animals Name, so feel free to explore our website for even more fascinating facts about the animal kingdom.

History of Border Terrier

The Border Terrier is a breed of dog that dates back to the 18th century. It originated in the border region between England and Scotland. People in this area needed a small, tough dog that could help them with their work on the farms. The Border Terrier was the perfect choice, as it was skilled at hunting and had a strong, resilient body.

Throughout history, the Border Terrier played a big role in the lives of farmers. They were used to hunt and catch small animals, such as rats and rabbits, which could damage crops and harm livestock. These dogs were highly valued for their ability to work independently and efficiently. Their small size allowed them to easily fit into tunnels and burrows, making them excellent at catching prey.

In addition to their farm work, Border Terriers were also used during World War I. They worked as messenger dogs, delivering important messages to soldiers on the battlefield. Their small size and agility made them the perfect choice for this dangerous task. The Border Terrier’s loyalty and determination helped them succeed in their mission and save many lives.

Today, Border Terriers are no longer used for hunting or as messenger dogs. They have become popular as family pets due to their friendly and loving nature. They are also known for their intelligence, making them easy to train. Despite their small size, they have a lot of energy and require regular exercise. Border Terriers are a cherished breed that brings joy and companionship to many families around the world.

Importance of Border Terrier

Border Terriers are special animals that hold great importance in the world. They bring joy and love to many families and individuals who choose to have them as pets. These small and energetic dogs have many wonderful qualities that make them a great companion.

Firstly, Border Terriers are known for their friendly and affectionate nature. They love to be around people and are always ready for a good cuddle. This makes them great pets for families, especially those with children. They are patient and tolerant, making them the ideal playmate for kids. Their loving and loyal nature ensures that they quickly become a beloved member of the family.

Secondly, Border Terriers are intelligent and easy to train. They are quick learners and respond well to obedience training. This makes them a good choice for first-time dog owners or those who prefer a dog that is easier to manage. With consistent training and positive reinforcement, Border Terriers can easily learn commands and tricks, making them a joy to have around.

Finally, Border Terriers are active and adventurous dogs. They have a lot of energy and love to explore their surroundings. They enjoy brisk walks, playtime, and even outdoor activities like hiking. Their lively and curious nature keeps them engaged and happy. This makes them an excellent choice for families who enjoy an active lifestyle and want a dog that can keep up with their activities.

In conclusion, Border Terriers are wonderful animals that have a special place in the hearts of many. Their friendly nature, intelligence, and energetic personality make them a cherished addition to any family. They bring happiness and love wherever they go, and their loyalty knows no bounds. Border Terriers truly are a remarkable breed that enriches the lives of those who have the pleasure of having them as pets.

Amazing Facts About Border Terrier

1. The Border Terrier is a small dog breed that originated in the border region of England and Scotland.
2. They are known for their distinctive wiry coat that comes in various colors, including red, grizzle and tan, or blue and tan.
3. Border Terriers are compact and well-muscled dogs, typically weighing between 11.5 and 15.5 pounds (5-7 kg).
4. These dogs have a lifespan of around 12 to 15 years, which is relatively long for a small breed.
5. Border Terriers are highly adaptable and are equally comfortable in both rural and urban settings.
6. They have a friendly and affectionate nature, making them excellent companions for families or individuals.
7. Despite their small size, Border Terriers are sturdy and energetic, requiring regular exercise to keep them happy and healthy.
8. These dogs are particularly intelligent and eager to please, which makes training them relatively easy.
9. Border Terriers are considered to be a hypoallergenic breed, as they shed minimally and are less likely to cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.
10. They have a strong prey drive and may chase small animals, so it’s important to keep them on a leash or in a securely fenced area.
11. Border Terriers have a natural instinct for digging, so providing them with a designated digging area can help prevent them from wreaking havoc in your garden.
12. Due to their hunting background, they may display some independent and stubborn tendencies, but with consistent training and positive reinforcement, these can be managed effectively.
13. The breed is generally healthy, but like other dogs, they can be prone to certain health issues such as hip dysplasia, allergies, or heart conditions.
14. Regular grooming is necessary for Border Terriers, as their wiry coat requires hand-stripping or regular trimming to maintain its texture and appearance.
15. Border Terriers are known for their sociable and playful nature, and they get along well with children, other dogs, and even cats when properly introduced and socialized from a young age.

Can we keep Border Terrier as our Pet?

Yes, we can keep the Border Terrier as our pet! Border Terriers are small and cute dogs that make wonderful companions. They have a friendly and loyal nature, which makes them great pets for families and individuals alike. Border Terriers are known for their energetic and playful personality, and they love to spend time with their owners. They enjoy activities like walks, playing fetch, and even learning new tricks. They are also very good with children and get along well with other pets. So, if you’re looking for a sweet and active furry friend, the Border Terrier could be a great choice!

Fortunately, Border Terriers are not extinct. They are a breed of dog that is still alive and thriving! However, there are other animals that have sadly gone extinct. When an animal becomes extinct, it means that there are no more of that species left on Earth. This can happen for various reasons, such as loss of habitat, hunting, or changes in the environment. When an animal goes extinct, it is a permanent loss, and we cannot bring it back. As humans, it is important for us to take care of our planet and protect the animals living here, so that we can prevent more extinctions from happening.

In conclusion, the Border Terrier is a fantastic choice as a pet, and we are fortunate that they are still with us. However, we must also be mindful of the animals that have gone extinct and do our best to protect and preserve the diverse species that inhabit our planet.

Size of Border Terrier

The Border Terrier is a small-sized animal that is full of energy and charm. They are known for their compact and muscular build, with a height that ranges between 10-11 inches (25-28 cm) at the shoulder. Despite their small stature, they are solidly built and have a strong presence.

These adorable creatures usually weigh between 11.5-15.5 pounds (5.2-7 kg), making them one of the smallest terrier breeds. Their size gives them the advantage of fitting into various living spaces, such as apartments or houses with small yards. Their small size also allows them to squeeze through tight spaces and maneuver around obstacles with ease.

Despite being small, Border Terriers are known for their agility and endurance, which makes them suitable for various activities such as running, hiking, and even participating in dog sports. Their size does not limit their capabilities; in fact, they are known for their ability to keep up with larger dog breeds.

In conclusion, the Border Terrier is a small but mighty canine companion. Their compact and muscular build, along with their height ranging between 10-11 inches (25-28 cm) and a weight of 11.5-15.5 pounds (5.2-7 kg), make them an ideal choice for people living in various environments. Despite their small size, they possess great agility and endurance, allowing them to partake in a wide range of physical activities.

Habitat of Border Terrier

Border Terriers are small but sturdy dogs that are known for their friendly and lively nature. These energetic dogs are well-suited to a variety of habitats, as long as they have enough space to exercise and play. However, they are particularly popular in urban areas, where they can thrive in homes with yards or even in apartments.

In terms of habitat, Border Terriers require a safe and secure environment. They should have a fenced yard or be walked on a leash, as they have a natural instinct to chase and explore. They have a dense, wiry coat that helps protect them from harsh weather conditions, so they can adapt well to different climates. However, extreme temperatures should be avoided, as these dogs are best suited to moderate conditions.

Border Terriers are social animals that form strong bonds with their families. They enjoy being part of the household activities and are generally well-behaved indoors. However, they thrive on daily exercise and mental stimulation, so regular walks and playtime are essential for their well-being. In addition to physical exercise, they also benefit from interactive toys and puzzles that challenge their intelligence.

Overall, Border Terriers are adaptable dogs that can live in various habitats. Whether it’s a suburban house with a yard or an apartment with nearby parks, as long as they receive the exercise and attention they need, they can lead happy and fulfilling lives. Their friendly and affectionate nature also makes them great companions for families of all sizes.

Evolution of Border Terrier

The Border Terrier has a fascinating history that dates back many years. These small dogs were originally bred in the border areas between England and Scotland. They were created to help farmers protect their livestock from foxes and other small animals. Over time, the Border Terrier’s characteristics have evolved to make it an excellent working and companion dog.

In the beginning, early breeders focused on creating a dog with the right traits for its job. The Border Terrier needed to be small enough to fit into foxholes and agile enough to chase after prey. They also needed to have a strong prey drive and a brave nature. Breeders carefully selected dogs with these qualities and bred them together. This selective breeding process helped to shape the Border Terrier’s physical appearance and skills.

As time passed, the Border Terrier’s role changed from a working dog to a beloved family pet. People started appreciating their friendly and affectionate nature. Breeders then began focusing on enhancing the dog’s temperaments, making them even more sociable and gentle. Today, Border Terriers are known for their loyalty, intelligence, and adaptability. They are popular pets all over the world and can be seen participating in various dog sports and competitions.

The evolution of the Border Terrier is a testament to the powerful influence humans have over animals. Through careful breeding practices, this breed has transformed from a skilled hunter to a cherished companion. Its development showcases the impact of human selection on shaping the traits and characteristics of a species.

Classification of Border Terrier

The Border Terrier is a small and lively animal that belongs to the terrier group. Terriers are known for their energetic and feisty nature. They are often referred to as “Earth Dogs” because they were originally bred to hunt and chase small animals that live underground. Border Terriers have a distinctive appearance with a hard and wiry coat that needs regular grooming to keep it neat and tidy. They have a square-shaped body with a strong and agile build, allowing them to move quickly and easily.

In terms of classification, the Border Terrier falls under the kingdom Animalia, which includes all living organisms that are multicellular and able to move. It belongs to the phylum Chordata, which covers animals with a backbone or spinal cord. The Border Terrier is further classified under the class Mammalia, as it is a warm-blooded animal that gives birth to live young and nurses them with milk.

Additionally, the Border Terrier belongs to the order Carnivora, indicating that it is a meat-eating animal. Although Border Terriers today may not rely solely on hunting for survival, their instincts and traits as carnivores remain evident. Finally, within the family Canidae, the Border Terrier is classified under the genus Canis and the species lupus familiaris, which includes all domestic dogs.

In conclusion, the Border Terrier is a lively and small terrier breed that falls into the category of animals called terriers. It is a part of the Animalia kingdom, Chordata phylum, Mammalia class, Carnivora order, Canidae family, Canis genus, and lupus familiaris species. Learning about the classification of animals can help us understand more about these fascinating creatures and the world they belong to.

Different Types of Border Terrier

1. Friendly and Gentle: Border Terriers are known for their friendly and gentle nature. They get along well with children and other pets, making them an ideal family pet.

2. Energetic and Active: These dogs have lots of energy and enjoy various activities such as playing fetch, going for walks, and participating in agility training. They thrive in an environment that provides plenty of mental and physical stimulation.

3. Intelligent and Trainable: Border Terriers are highly intelligent and quick learners. They respond well to positive reinforcement training methods, making them easy to train and eager to please.

4. Brave and Alert: Despite their small size, Border Terriers possess a fearless nature and make excellent watchdogs. They have a keen sense of awareness and will alert their owners to any potential dangers or intruders.

5. Low Shedding: One of the appealing qualities of Border Terriers is their low-shedding coat. Their wiry double coat requires regular brushing to prevent matting, but it sheds very little compared to other breeds, making them suitable for families with allergies.

6. Versatile: Border Terriers can excel in various activities, including obedience, agility, and even some forms of hunting. They enjoy trying new things and have a natural ability to adapt to different environments and tasks.

7. Affectionate: These dogs thrive on human companionship and enjoy being close to their owners. They love to cuddle and be part of the family, providing unconditional love and affection.

8. Hardy and Resilient: Border Terriers are known for their toughness and ability to withstand various weather conditions. Their dense coats offer protection against the elements, and their sturdy build allows them to go on long walks or hikes without tiring easily.

9. Playful and Fun-loving: Border Terriers have a playful and mischievous side, often amusing their families with their antics and sense of humor. They enjoy interactive games and toys that keep them engaged and entertained.

10. Longevity: Border Terriers have a relatively long lifespan compared to some other dog breeds. With proper care, exercise, and a balanced diet, these dogs can live for 12 to 15 years, providing many years of companionship and joy to their owners.

Geographical Presence of Border Terrier

The Border Terrier can be found in the region of England and Scotland. These small and energetic dogs were originally bred for working on the borders of these two countries, hence their name. They were used to help farmers keep their livestock safe from foxes and other small animals. Border Terriers are known for their intelligence, bravery, and strong hunting instincts.

However, Border Terriers are not found in all parts of the world. Due to their specific breeding and history, they are not commonly seen in other regions. While they may be owned by individuals who travel or relocate, their original region of distribution remains primarily in England and Scotland.

If you are looking to find a Border Terrier, it would be best to search for breeders or rescue organizations in the United Kingdom. It’s important to ensure that the dog is obtained from a responsible and reputable source to guarantee the health and well-being of the animal. These adorable dogs are loved by many, and those who are fortunate enough to live in or visit England and Scotland may get to see them in person and perhaps even get the chance to interact with one!

Scientific Name of Border Terrier

The scientific name of the Border Terrier animal is Canis lupus familiaris. This name helps scientists and experts classify and understand different species of animals. The Border Terrier is a small breed of dog that originated in the border regions of England and Scotland. It is known for its distinctive appearance and friendly nature.

The scientific name is made up of two parts. The first part, Canis lupus, refers to the genus and species that the Border Terrier belongs to. The genus Canis includes wolves, coyotes, and domestic dogs. The species name lupus means wolf in Latin, highlighting the close relationship between these animals. The second part, familiaris, is added to indicate that the Border Terrier is a domesticated breed of dog.

The Border Terrier is a popular choice for families and individuals because of its small size and lovable personality. It has a wiry, dense coat that helps protect it from harsh weather conditions. This breed is known for its intelligence, agility, and loyalty, making it a great companion for people of all ages. Its friendly and affectionate nature makes it a beloved member of many households around the world.

Diet of Border Terrier

The Border Terrier animal has a special diet that helps them stay healthy and full of energy. They need a balanced meal with the right nutrients to keep their bodies strong. An important part of their diet is protein, which can come from sources like chicken, beef, or fish. Protein helps their muscles grow and repair, keeping them strong and able to run and play.

Another essential part of the Border Terrier’s diet is carbohydrates. These can be found in foods like rice, potatoes, or grains. Carbohydrates provide energy that the Border Terrier needs throughout the day. They give them the fuel to run and play, or even go on long walks with their owners.

Fruits and vegetables are also important for the Border Terrier’s diet. These can include things like carrots, apples, or green beans. Fruits and vegetables provide important vitamins and minerals that keep the Border Terrier healthy and help their immune system stay strong.

In summary, the Border Terrier needs a well-rounded diet consisting of protein, carbohydrates, and fruits and vegetables. Protein helps their muscles grow and repair, carbohydrates provide them with energy, and fruits and vegetables give them important vitamins and minerals. By following this special diet, the Border Terrier can live a healthy and active life.

Locomotion of Border Terrier

The Border Terrier is a small and energetic animal that moves around quickly and gracefully. It has a unique way of walking called the “locomotion.” This means that it moves its four legs in a coordinated and balanced manner to get from one place to another.

When the Border Terrier walks, it keeps a low and flexible body posture. This allows it to move smoothly and swiftly. Its front legs and hind legs move together in a rhythmic motion, helping it maintain its balance while on the move. The Border Terrier’s paws touch the ground lightly, making its steps almost soundless.

When the Border Terrier runs, it shows even more agility and speed. Its paws push off the ground with power, propelling its body forward. It uses its tail to help with balance, as it acts like a rudder, making sharp turns easier. This makes it a fantastic and nimble runner, capable of keeping up with its owners during activities like running or hiking. The Border Terrier’s locomotion is truly a sight to behold, as it demonstrates the perfect blend of grace, balance, and agility.

Social and Sexual Behaviour of Border Terrier

The Border Terrier animal has interesting social and sexual behaviors. These behaviors help them communicate and interact with other animals of their kind. They live in groups called packs, where they develop close bonds and work together for important tasks like hunting for food and protecting their territory.

Inside a pack, there is usually a dominant male and female, known as the alpha pair. The alpha male is responsible for protecting the group, while the alpha female takes care of the young ones. They communicate with each other through various sounds like barking and growling. By doing this, they are able to establish their dominance and maintain harmony within the pack.

When it comes to sexual behavior, Border Terriers show a desire to find a mate during the breeding season. Males may engage in behaviors such as marking their territory with urine, while females release scents to attract males. Once they find a suitable partner, they engage in mating, which is the process of reproduction. This is how new Border Terrier puppies are born.

In conclusion, Border Terriers have complex social behaviors and specific ways of interacting and reproducing. They live in packs, where they have a social hierarchy. During the breeding season, they engage in behaviors to attract mates and reproduce. These behaviors help them survive and maintain their population.

Reproduction and Lifecycle of Border Terrier

The reproduction and life cycle of the Border Terrier animal is a fascinating process. Let’s take a closer look at how these adorable creatures come into the world and grow.

The life cycle starts when two adult Border Terriers, a male and a female, come together to mate. This is called breeding. The female dog’s body releases eggs, and the male dog’s body produces sperm. During mating, the sperm enters the female’s body and fertilizes the eggs. This creates a baby Border Terrier, also known as a puppy, inside the mother’s womb.

After about 63 days, the mother dog gives birth to a litter of puppies. Puppies are born blind and deaf, and they rely on their mother for milk and care. In the first few weeks, the puppies grow quickly. They open their eyes, start to hear, and even learn to walk. The mother dog takes care of them, keeping them warm and feeding them. As the weeks go by, the puppies become more independent and curious about the world around them.

As the puppies continue to grow, they learn important skills from their mother and other dogs. They play and interact with their siblings, which helps them develop social skills and understand how to communicate with other dogs. As they get older, they start eating solid food instead of relying only on their mother’s milk. This is the time when they are ready to leave their mother and go to a new home to start their own lives.

Overall, the reproduction and life cycle of the Border Terrier is a wonderful journey from birth to adulthood. Just like humans, these cute little puppies grow, learn, and become more independent as they get older. It’s truly amazing to witness the different stages of their life cycle and see them turn into loyal and loving companions.

Threats to Border Terrier

Border Terriers, like any other animal, face various threats to their well-being. One of the biggest threats is neglect and mistreatment by humans. Some people may not provide them with proper care, love, or attention. This can lead to health problems, such as malnutrition or diseases, and can also affect their mental well-being. It is important for humans to understand that pets, including Border Terriers, require time, effort, and commitment in order to live a happy and healthy life.

Another threat to Border Terriers is the presence of parasites, such as fleas and ticks. These tiny creatures can cause discomfort and can transmit dangerous diseases to Border Terriers. It is crucial for pet owners to regularly check their dogs for parasites and take appropriate measures to prevent and treat infestations. This can include using flea and tick prevention products, regularly grooming their dogs, and keeping their living environment clean.

Furthermore, Border Terriers are also at risk of accidents and injuries. They are naturally active and curious dogs, which can sometimes expose them to danger. They may wander off and get lost, be involved in vehicular accidents, or suffer from falls or other injuries. It is important for pet owners to ensure their Border Terriers are always supervised, properly trained, and kept in secure areas to prevent them from running into harm’s way.

In summary, neglect and mistreatment, parasites, and accidents pose threats to the well-being of Border Terriers. It is crucial for humans to provide them with proper care, attention, and a safe environment to live in. By being responsible pet owners, we can ensure that these adorable and loyal companions lead happy and healthy lives.

Population of Border Terrier

The population of Border Terrier animals is estimated to be around 60,000 to 70,000 in the world. These small and energetic dogs are known for their affectionate nature and loyalty towards their owners. They are loved by many families and are often kept as pets due to their friendly and playful temperament.

However, if the Border Terrier animal were to become extinct, it would mean that there are no more living members of this species left in the world. This could happen due to various reasons, such as habitat loss, climate change, or disease. Extinction is a very sad event because it means that we have lost a unique and important part of our natural world forever.

It is important to protect and preserve the habitat of animals like the Border Terrier to ensure their survival. Conservation efforts, such as creating protected areas and raising awareness about the importance of biodiversity, can help prevent the extinction of these animals. We must all work together to ensure that future generations can also enjoy the beauty and diversity of our animal friends.

Conclusion

The Border Terrier is a remarkable and lovable creature with a rich history that dates back many years. These animals have an interesting size and habitat, and they fall under a specific classification based on their unique characteristics. Let’s delve into some facts about these intriguing animals.

Border Terriers are small dogs that originated in the border region between England and Scotland. They were initially bred for hunting foxes and other small game. These animals are known for their strong and muscular bodies, with a wiry coat that can come in various colors, such as red, grizzle, or blue and tan. Despite their size, Border Terriers are incredibly active and agile, making them excellent companions for outdoor adventures.

In terms of habitat, Border Terriers are versatile and can adapt to various environments. Whether they live in a busy city or a quiet countryside, these animals thrive in loving and caring environments. They are known for being affectionate, intelligent, and friendly, which makes them great family pets. Border Terriers love to play and exercise, so providing them with plenty of activities will keep them happy and healthy.

To summarize, the Border Terrier is a unique and fascinating animal. With its rich history, adaptable nature, and friendly temperament, it has become a beloved companion for many people. These animals bring joy and love into our lives, and it is no wonder they hold a special place in the hearts of their owners. Whether you live in the country or the city, the Border Terrier is a loyal and energetic friend who will always bring a smile to your face.

Frequently Asked Questions about Border Terrier (FAQ’s)

Q: What is a Border Terrier?
A: A Border Terrier is a small, sturdy breed of dog.

Q: What is the average size of a Border Terrier?
A: Border Terriers typically weigh between 11.5 and 15.5 pounds (5.2 to 7 kg) and stand about 10 to 11 inches (25 to 28 cm) tall at the shoulder.

Q: What is the expected lifespan of a Border Terrier?
A: On average, a healthy Border Terrier can live for 12 to 15 years.

Q: Are Border Terriers good family pets?
A: Yes, Border Terriers make excellent family pets as they are affectionate, friendly, and good with children.

Q: Do Border Terriers require a lot of exercise?
A: Border Terriers have moderate exercise needs. They enjoy daily walks and playtime but are not excessively high-energy dogs.

Q: Can Border Terriers be left alone for long periods?
A: Border Terriers can tolerate being left alone for moderate periods, but they thrive on human companionship and prefer not to be left alone for extended periods.

Q: Are Border Terriers easy to train?
A: Border Terriers are intelligent and eager to please; they can be trained with consistency and positive reinforcement techniques.

Q: Do Border Terriers shed a lot?
A: No, Border Terriers have a dense, wiry double coat that sheds minimally. Regular brushing helps control loose hair.

Q: Do Border Terriers get along well with other pets?
A: With proper socialization, Border Terriers can get along well with other pets, including dogs and cats.

Q: Are Border Terriers good watchdogs?
A: Yes, Border Terriers are alert and protective, making them good watchdogs. They will bark to alert their owners about potential intruders.

Q: Are Border Terriers prone to any health issues?
A: Border Terriers can be prone to certain health issues such as hip dysplasia, allergies, and certain eye conditions. Regular vet check-ups are important.

Q: Are Border Terriers suitable for apartment living?
A: Yes, Border Terriers can adapt well to apartment living if provided with sufficient exercise and mental stimulation.

Q: Are Border Terriers considered hypoallergenic?
A: While no dog is truly hypoallergenic, Border Terriers are considered to be a good choice for allergy sufferers due to their low-shedding coat.

Q: How frequently should a Border Terrier be groomed?
A: Border Terriers should be groomed every few months to strip their wiry coat and maintain its texture. Regular brushing is also necessary to prevent matting.

Q: Are Border Terriers prone to excessive barking?
A: Like many terriers, Border Terriers can be prone to barking. Early training and socialization can help manage their barking tendencies.

Leave a Comment