Bordoodle: History, Facts, Size, Habitat, Classification & Much More

By Tyler Swan

Introducing the Bordoodle: a remarkable furry friend that combines the best traits of the Border Collie and the Poodle. In this blog post, we will take a closer look at this fascinating creature through its history, interesting facts, size, habitat, and classification in the animal kingdom.

The Bordoodle, also known as the Border Doodle or Borderpoo, is a hybrid breed that originated from crossing a Border Collie with a Poodle. This crossbreeding brought forth a highly intelligent and affectionate companion with a hypoallergenic coat, making it a popular choice for many families.

Known for their friendly and energetic nature, Bordoodles have become cherished pets around the world. They are intelligent dogs, eager to please their owners and excel in various activities, including obedience and agility training. Due to their Border Collie heritage, they possess remarkable herding skills, making them excellent working dogs as well.

When it comes to size, Bordoodles can vary, depending on the size of the parent breeds. On average, they can reach a height of 17 to 23 inches and weigh between 30 to 60 pounds. As they are a hybrid breed, their appearance may vary, but they often have a wavy or curly coat that ranges in colors such as black, white, brown, or a combination of these.

In terms of habitat, Bordoodles are adaptable and can thrive in various living conditions. They are generally active dogs that require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy. Whether they live in a spacious countryside or an urban apartment, as long as their physical and mental needs are met, they can be content anywhere.

In the classification of animals, the Bordoodle falls under the category of mammals. Mammals are a diverse group of animals that give birth to live young and nurse them with milk produced by mammary glands. These warm-blooded creatures encompass a wide range of species, from humans to elephants and dogs like the Bordoodle. Mammals can be found in various habitats, including terrestrial, marine, and aerial environments.

With this introduction, we hope to provide you with a glimpse into the captivating world of the Bordoodle. Throughout this blog, we will delve deeper into their unique characteristics, care requirements, and the joys of having them as part of your family. And remember, if you’re interested in learning more about other fascinating animals, we already have an article featuring over 155 animal names for you to explore. So let’s embark on this exciting journey together to uncover the wonders of the animal kingdom!

History of Bordoodle

The Bordoodle is a special animal that has a history that combines two different breeds – the Border Collie and the Poodle. These two breeds are known for their unique characteristics. The Border Collie is a highly intelligent and energetic dog, while the Poodle is known for its hypoallergenic coat and friendly nature. When these two breeds are combined, a new breed called the Bordoodle is created.

The origins of the Bordoodle are not well-documented, but it is believed that the breed first emerged in the late 20th century. The goal of breeding Border Collies with Poodles was to combine the intelligence and energy of the Border Collie with the hypoallergenic coat of the Poodle. This resulted in a dog that is not only highly intelligent and trainable, but also suitable for people with allergies.

Over time, the popularity of the Bordoodle has grown as more people have discovered its unique qualities. These dogs are often used for various purposes such as therapy or assistance dogs due to their high level of intelligence and trainability. They are also known for their friendly and gentle nature, making them great family pets.

In conclusion, the Bordoodle is a breed that combines the characteristics of the Border Collie and the Poodle. It emerged in the late 20th century with the goal of creating a highly intelligent and hypoallergenic dog. Today, the Bordoodle is a popular breed known for its trainability, friendly nature, and versatility in various roles.

Importance of Bordoodle

Bordoodle animals have many important qualities. One important thing about Bordoodles is that they are very intelligent. They can learn new things quickly and this makes them great pets. For example, Bordoodles can easily be trained to do tricks or even help people with disabilities.

Another important thing about Bordoodles is that they are very friendly. They love being around people and they get along well with other animals too. This makes them great companions and they can bring a lot of happiness to a household.

Lastly, Bordoodles are also very active. They love playing and exercising, so they can be a good motivation for people to stay active as well. Taking them for walks or playing with them can help people get more exercise and stay fit.

In conclusion, Bordoodle animals are intelligent, friendly, and active. They make great pets and can bring a lot of joy and happiness to a household. If you are looking for a pet that is smart, loving, and active, then a Bordoodle might be the perfect choice for you.

Amazing Facts About Bordoodle

1. The Bordoodle is a mixed breed dog that is a cross between a Border Collie and a Poodle.
2. They are also known as Borderdoodles or Borderpoos.
3. Bordoodles are very intelligent and are often referred to as being highly trainable.
4. They are considered to be hypoallergenic dogs, which means they are less likely to cause allergies in people who are sensitive to pet dander.
5. Bordoodles have a medium-sized build and can weigh anywhere from 30 to 60 pounds.
6. They have a soft, wavy or curly coat that can come in a variety of colors such as black, white, brown, or a combination of these.
7. Due to their Poodle heritage, Bordoodles are known for their non-shedding coat, making them a popular choice for those looking for a low-maintenance pet.
8. These dogs are known for their playful and friendly nature, which makes them great companions for families and individuals alike.
9. Bordoodles are very active dogs and require regular exercise to keep them happy and healthy.
10. They excel at various dog sports and activities such as agility, obedience training, and even herding due to their Border Collie heritage.
11. These dogs are very social and thrive on human interaction, so they may not do well if left alone for long periods of time.
12. Bordoodles are generally good with children and other pets, but early socialization is important to ensure their proper behavior around others.
13. Their intelligence and trainability make Bordoodles suitable for various working roles such as therapy dogs or service dogs.
14. Bordoodles need mental stimulation in addition to physical exercise, so providing them with puzzle toys and interactive games can help keep their minds active.
15. They have a life expectancy of around 12 to 15 years, but like all dog breeds, they may be susceptible to certain health issues such as hip dysplasia or eye problems. Regular veterinary check-ups are important to ensure their well-being.

Can we keep Bordoodle as our Pet?

The Bordoodle animal is not a real animal that exists in the world today. It is actually a made-up name for a mix between a Border Collie and a Poodle. This mixed breed is commonly known as a designer dog or a hybrid. Unfortunately, we cannot keep Bordoodles as pets because they do not exist in nature.

In the past, there have been cases where some animals have become extinct. This means that they no longer exist on Earth. Extinction happens when all members of a species die out, usually due to factors like habitat destruction, climate change, or human activities like hunting. When an animal becomes extinct, it means that there are no more of them left to keep as pets or to see in the wild.

Since Bordoodles are not real animals and do not exist in nature, we cannot keep them as pets. However, there are many other wonderful animals that we can have as pets, such as dogs, cats, birds, fish, and smaller animals like hamsters or guinea pigs. It is important to choose a pet that is suitable for our living situation and to remember that pets need lots of care, love, and attention.

Size of Bordoodle

Bordoodles, also known as Borderdoodles, are a cute and cuddly mix between a Border Collie and a Poodle. These adorable animals come in different sizes, depending on their parents. They can be small, medium, or large in size, making them suitable for different households and families.

Small Bordoodles usually weigh between 10 to 20 pounds (4.5 to 9 kilograms) and stand around 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 centimeters) tall. They are compact and easy to carry around. These little cuties are great for small apartments or families with limited space.

Medium Bordoodles are slightly bigger, weighing between 25 to 45 pounds (11 to 20 kilograms) and measuring around 17 to 22 inches (43 to 56 centimeters) tall. They are the perfect size for active families who enjoy outdoor activities and have ample space for them to run and play.

Large Bordoodles are the biggest of the bunch, weighing between 50 to 70 pounds (23 to 32 kilograms) and standing around 23 to 29 inches (58 to 74 centimeters) tall. They are energetic dogs that require more exercise and are best suited for families with a spacious backyard or those who live in the countryside.

In conclusion, Bordoodles come in different sizes to fit different families and living situations. Whether you prefer a small, medium, or large furry friend, these adorable mixed breeds can bring joy and companionship to any household.

Habitat of Bordoodle

The Bordoodle is a mix between a Border Collie and a Poodle. It is a playful and intelligent dog that makes a great companion for families. Just like any other dog, the Bordoodle needs a suitable habitat to live in.

The Bordoodle thrives in a home that provides ample space for it to move around and exercise. It is a high-energy dog that loves to run and play, so having a backyard or access to a park is important. The Bordoodle is also very intelligent and needs mental stimulation to prevent boredom. Including interactive toys and puzzles in its habitat can help keep it entertained.

The Bordoodle is known for its friendly and sociable nature. It enjoys being around its family and may feel lonely if left alone for long periods of time. It is important for the Bordoodle to have company and the opportunity to interact with its family members. Including a comfortable space for the dog inside the house, such as a designated bed or a crate, will provide a safe and cozy spot for it to relax.

In summary, the Bordoodle is a lively and intelligent dog that needs a suitable habitat to thrive. It requires space to move around and exercise, an environment that provides mental stimulation, and companionship from its family. By providing these elements, the Bordoodle can lead a happy and fulfilling life as a beloved member of the family.

Evolution of Bordoodle

The Bordoodle animal, also known as the Border Doodle, is a unique and lovable mix of two popular dog breeds – the Border Collie and the Poodle. This breed has been gaining popularity in recent years due to its friendly nature and intelligence. The evolution of the Bordoodle can be traced back to the purposeful breeding efforts of dog enthusiasts who wanted to create a canine companion with the best traits of both parent breeds.

The process of creating the Bordoodle began when breeders recognized the remarkable qualities of the Border Collie and the Poodle. The Border Collie is known for its exceptional herding skills, agility, and loyalty, while the Poodle is renowned for being highly intelligent, hypoallergenic, and having a curly coat. By crossbreeding these two breeds, breeders aimed to combine the desirable characteristics to produce an ideal family pet with fewer health issues.

Over time, breeding techniques and standards have been refined to enhance the qualities of the Bordoodle. Skilled breeders carefully select parent dogs based on their temperament, health, and appearance. This meticulous selection process helps ensure that each generation of Bordoodle puppies has the best chance of inheriting the desired traits, such as intelligence, low-shedding coats, and a friendly nature.

Today, the Bordoodle continues to captivate the hearts of many dog lovers. It has become a beloved companion and even a working dog in some cases, thanks to its versatile abilities. Through the evolution of the Bordoodle breed, dog enthusiasts have successfully created a new and wonderful addition to the world of mixed breed dogs, bringing joy and companionship to countless families.

Classification of Bordoodle

The Bordoodle animal is a unique and interesting breed that falls into the classification of a hybrid dog. Hybrid dogs, also known as designer dogs, are created by crossing two different purebred dog breeds. In the case of the Bordoodle, it is a mix between a Border Collie and a Poodle. This combination results in a smart and energetic furry friend.

Firstly, let’s talk about the two purebred dog breeds that make up the Bordoodle. The Border Collie is famous for its intelligence and herding abilities. They are very active dogs that need plenty of physical and mental stimulation. On the other hand, Poodles are known for their hypoallergenic coats and exceptional trainability. They come in different sizes, including standard, miniature, and toy.

When these two breeds are crossed, the result is a highly adaptable and intelligent Bordoodle. This breed is often sought after because they tend to inherit the best traits from both parents. They are known for their friendly and loyal nature, making them great family pets. Additionally, their high intelligence makes them easy to train, making them suitable for various activities such as agility, obedience, and even search and rescue work.

In summary, the Bordoodle belongs to the classification of hybrid dogs, which are created by breeding two different purebred dog breeds. In this case, it is a mix between the Border Collie and Poodle. The Bordoodle inherits the intelligence of the Border Collie and trainability of the Poodle, resulting in a friendly and highly adaptable dog. These qualities make them great as family pets and for various activities requiring intelligence and trainability.

Different Types of Bordoodle

1. Intelligent: The Bordoodle is known for its high level of intelligence, which allows it to quickly learn and understand commands and tasks. This makes them quite trainable and adaptable to various environments and lifestyles.

2. Affectionate: Bordoodles have a loving and gentle nature, making them great companions for families and individuals. They enjoy being around their human companions and thrive on attention and affection.

3. Active: These dogs have a lot of energy and require regular exercise to keep them happy and healthy. They enjoy activities such as walking, running, and playing, making them a perfect fit for active families or individuals who enjoy outdoor pursuits.

4. Hypoallergenic: The Bordoodle is a cross between a Border Collie and a Poodle, resulting in a low-shedding coat that is considered hypoallergenic. This makes them a good choice for individuals with allergies, as they produce fewer allergens.

5. Good with Children: Bordoodles are generally very tolerant and patient with children, making them a suitable choice for families with young kids. They often form strong bonds with children and can be a loyal and protective playmate.

6. Versatile: Due to their intelligence and trainability, Bordoodles excel in various activities and roles. They can be successful in obedience competitions, therapy work, agility trials, and as working dogs, including search and rescue or herding livestock.

7. Social: Bordoodles are typically friendly and sociable dogs who enjoy being around people and other animals. They are often enthusiastic greeters and get along well with both humans and other pets, facilitating easier integration into a household or community.

8. Low Maintenance: Apart from regular exercise, Bordoodles have moderate grooming needs. Their coat requires brushing to prevent matting and occasional bathing to keep them clean. However, they do not require frequent professional grooming, making them easier to maintain compared to some other breeds.

9. Alert and Protective: This breed possesses a natural instinct to protect their loved ones and can be quite alert to their surroundings. They will often bark to alert their owners of any potential danger or unusual activities, making them a capable watchdog.

10. Long Lifespan: Bordoodles have an average lifespan of 12 to 15 years, which is relatively long compared to many other dog breeds. This means that they can provide affection, companionship, and joy to their owners for a significant portion of their lives.

Geographical Presence of Bordoodle

The Bordoodle animal is not found in any specific region, as it is not a naturally occurring animal. In fact, the Bordoodle is a crossbreed between a Border Collie and a Poodle. Border Collies are known for their intelligence and herding abilities, while Poodles are known for their hypoallergenic coats and friendly nature. When these two breeds are crossed, they create a unique mix known as the Bordoodle.

Since the Bordoodle is a crossbreed, it can be found in many different parts of the world, wherever Border Collies and Poodles are present. This means that you might come across a Bordoodle in various regions, regardless of the climate or geography. However, it’s important to note that the popularity and availability of Bordoodles may vary from region to region.

Despite being found in many different regions, there are still some places where Bordoodles may not be commonly found. In places where Border Collies and Poodles are not as popular or readily available, the chances of finding a Bordoodle may be lower. Additionally, some countries have stricter regulations on crossbreeding and may not have many Bordoodle breeders or owners.

In summary, Bordoodles are not naturally occurring animals and can be found in various regions around the world where Border Collies and Poodles are present. They are a crossbreed between these two breeds with unique characteristics. However, their availability may vary depending on the popularity and accessibility of Border Collies and Poodles in different regions. In some places, there may be fewer Bordoodles due to regulations or limited interest in crossbreeding.

Scientific Name of Bordoodle

The scientific name of the Bordoodle animal is Canis lupus familiaris. The genus name is Canis, which includes all domestic dogs, and the species name is lupus familiaris, which refers specifically to domesticated dogs. The Bordoodle is a mixed breed dog that is a cross between a Border Collie and a Poodle.

The first paragraph introduces the scientific name of the Bordoodle animal, which is Canis lupus familiaris. This scientific name is composed of two parts: the genus name (Canis) and the species name (lupus familiaris). The genus Canis is used to classify all domestic dogs, while the species name lupus familiaris specifically refers to domesticated dogs.

In the second paragraph, the text briefly explains the characteristics of the Bordoodle animal. It states that the Bordoodle is a mixed breed dog that is a cross between a Border Collie and a Poodle. This information helps to provide a basic understanding of what the Bordoodle is and how it is different from other dog breeds.

The third paragraph summarizes the information and provides a concise conclusion. It restates that the scientific name of the Bordoodle is Canis lupus familiaris and briefly explains the origin of the breed as a cross between a Border Collie and a Poodle.

Diet of Bordoodle

The Bordoodle animal is a special type of dog that needs a good and balanced diet to stay healthy and active. It is important to know what kind of foods are good for the Bordoodle so that they can grow strong and have lots of energy.

The diet of the Bordoodle consists of high-quality dog food. This means that the food they eat should have all the necessary nutrients, like protein, vitamins, and minerals. It is good to feed them with natural and organic dog food that does not contain any harmful chemicals or fillers. It is also important to give them the right amount of food, according to their size and age, to avoid overfeeding or underfeeding.

In addition to dog food, the Bordoodle can also enjoy some healthy treats. These treats can include small pieces of fruits and vegetables, like carrots and apples, which are good for their digestion and provide extra vitamins. However, it is important not to give them too many treats, as it can lead to weight gain and health problems.

To conclude, the Bordoodle animal needs a balanced and nutritious diet to stay healthy and active. Feeding them with high-quality dog food and providing them with some healthy treats will help them grow strong and happy. It is important to always check with a veterinarian to ensure that the diet is appropriate for their specific needs.

Locomotion of Bordoodle

Bordoodles are known for their energetic and playful nature, and their locomotion reflects their lively character. These animals have a bouncy and agile way of moving. They can run with great speed and agility, making them excellent at chasing after toys or playing games like fetch. Their long legs allow them to cover a lot of ground with each stride, and they can change direction quickly, almost like a zigzag.

Additionally, Bordoodles are known for their jumping ability. They can jump high into the air, displaying their athleticism and coordination. This skill helps them in various activities like catching a frisbee or jumping over obstacles. When they move, Bordoodles seem to glide effortlessly, showcasing their natural grace and elegance. Their locomotion is a wonderful display of their active and lively nature.

Social and Sexual Behaviour of Bordoodle

The Bordoodle animal has interesting social behaviors. They are very friendly and love being around people and other animals. They enjoy playtime and can easily make friends with both humans and other pets. They are social butterflies and are often seen wagging their tails and seeking attention from their loved ones. Bordoodles are known for their loyalty and can form strong bonds with their owners.

When it comes to sexual behavior, the Bordoodle follows natural instincts. Like other animals, they have a reproductive cycle. Female Bordoodles go through a heat cycle, also known as the estrus cycle, where they become receptive to mating. The males, on the other hand, may show interest in females during this time. It is important for owners to keep a close eye on a female Bordoodle during her heat cycle to prevent any unwanted mating.

In summary, the Bordoodle is a social and friendly animal. They enjoy the company of both humans and other animals and can form strong bonds with their loved ones. When it comes to sexual behavior, they follow their natural instincts during the reproductive cycle. It is important for owners to be aware of their female Bordoodle’s heat cycle to prevent any unplanned mating.

Reproduction and Lifecycle of Bordoodle

The Bordoodle animal goes through a fascinating life cycle. It all begins with the process called reproduction. Reproduction is how animals make babies. When a male Bordoodle and a female Bordoodle come together, they can mate and create offspring. The male passes on his special cells called sperm to the female, who has eggs inside her body. When the sperm meets the egg, it forms a new living thing called a zygote. The zygote then grows and develops into a baby Bordoodle inside the mother’s body.

After a certain amount of time, the baby Bordoodle is ready to be born. This is called birth. The mother Bordoodle gives birth to her puppies, usually around 60-63 days after mating. The puppies are born blind and deaf, so they rely on their mother to take care of them. As they grow, they start to open their eyes and ears, and they learn how to walk and explore their surroundings. They depend on their mother’s milk for nutrition until they are old enough to eat solid food.

As the Bordoodle puppies grow into adults, they go through different stages of their life cycle. They are playful and full of energy when they are young, and they gradually become more independent as they get older. Eventually, they reach adulthood and are able to reproduce, starting the life cycle all over again. It’s amazing to see how these adorable animals go through these stages and continue their species.

Threats to Bordoodle

The Bordoodle is an amazing and lovable animal, but unfortunately, it faces some threats that we need to be aware of. One major threat to the Bordoodle is habitat loss. As humans continue to expand and develop land for their own needs, the natural habitats of the Bordoodle are being destroyed. This puts the Bordoodle at risk as it struggles to find a safe place to live and find food.

Another threat to the Bordoodle is the illegal pet trade. Some people try to capture and sell the Bordoodle as pets, which can be very harmful to them. This illegal activity puts stress on the Bordoodle and can lead to their decline in population. It is important for us to be aware of this threat and not support the illegal pet trade.

Lastly, climate change is also a threat to the Bordoodle. As our planet gets warmer, it affects the natural environment and can make it difficult for the Bordoodle to survive. Changes in temperature and rainfall patterns can disrupt their habitats and food sources. It is crucial for us to take action to reduce our impact on the environment and help prevent further harm to the Bordoodle and other animals.

In summary, the Bordoodle faces threats such as habitat loss, the illegal pet trade, and climate change. We must take steps to protect their habitats, discourage the illegal pet trade, and work towards mitigating climate change. By doing so, we can help ensure a safe and healthy future for the Bordoodle and other animal species.

Population of Bordoodle

The population of the Bordoodle animal is currently unknown, as it is a mixed breed resulting from the crossing of Border Collies and Poodles. However, it is estimated that there are thousands of them worldwide, especially in countries where mixed breed dogs are popular. These adorable and intelligent dogs are highly sought after due to their friendly and playful nature.

Unfortunately, if the Bordoodle animal were to become extinct, it means that there are no more of them left in the world. Extinction occurs when all members of a species die out, usually due to various environmental factors, loss of habitat, or human activities. It is a sad event because once a species becomes extinct, it can never be seen again.

Therefore, it is crucial for us humans to take care of the environment and protect the animals we share it with. By preserving their habitats, reducing pollution, and being responsible pet owners, we can help prevent the extinction of any animal, including the endearing Bordoodle. Every creature in this world plays a vital role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem, and it is our responsibility to ensure their survival.

Conclusion

The Bordoodle, also known as the Borderdoodle, is a fascinating crossbreed between a Border Collie and a Poodle. This energetic and intelligent dog comes with a rich history, interesting facts, and specific characteristics that make it stand out among other dog breeds.

With its origins dating back to the 1980s, the Bordoodle was specifically bred to combine the best traits of its parent breeds. Border Collies are known for their exceptional herding abilities, while Poodles are renowned for their intelligence and hypoallergenic coat. The result is a loving and loyal companion that excels in agility, obedience, and therapy work.

In terms of size, the Bordoodle can vary depending on the size of its parents. They can range from small to medium in size, typically weighing between 30 to 60 pounds. Their unique coat is usually soft, curly, and low-shedding, making them a great choice for individuals with allergies.

In conclusion, the Bordoodle is a wonderful crossbreed that combines the best qualities of the Border Collie and Poodle. With their rich history, interesting facts, and adaptable size, these animals make excellent companions for individuals or families who are looking for an energetic and intelligent pet. Whether it’s their exceptional herding abilities or their hypoallergenic coat, the Bordoodle is truly a remarkable addition to the world of dog breeds.

Frequently Asked Questions about Bordoodle (FAQ’s)

Q: What is a Bordoodle animal?
A: A Bordoodle animal is a crossbreed between a Border Collie and a Poodle.

Q: What is the temperament of a Bordoodle?
A: Bordoodles are known for being intelligent, loyal, and playful.

Q: How big do Bordoodles usually get?
A: Bordoodles can vary in size depending on the parents, but they typically range from 16 to 22 inches in height and weigh between 30 to 60 pounds.

Q: Are Bordoodles good with children?
A: Yes, Bordoodles are generally excellent with children and tend to be gentle and patient.

Q: Do Bordoodles shed a lot?
A: No, Bordoodles are considered to be low to non-shedding dogs, making them a good choice for people with allergies.

Q: Are Bordoodles easy to train?
A: Yes, Bordoodles are highly trainable due to their intelligence and eagerness to please.

Q: How much exercise do Bordoodles need?
A: Bordoodles require daily physical exercise and mental stimulation, preferably around 1-2 hours per day.

Q: Are Bordoodles prone to any health issues?
A: Like all dogs, Bordoodles can be susceptible to certain genetic health concerns such as hip dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy.

Q: Do Bordoodles require grooming?
A: Yes, Bordoodles have a curly or wavy coat that requires regular brushing and occasional grooming to prevent matting.

Q: Are Bordoodles good for first-time dog owners?
A: Yes, Bordoodles can be a good choice for first-time dog owners as long as they are committed to providing proper training and care.

Q: How long do Bordoodles usually live?
A: Bordoodles typically live between 12 to 15 years with proper care and a healthy lifestyle.

Q: Do Bordoodles get along well with other pets?
A: Yes, Bordoodles generally get along well with other pets if properly socialized from a young age.

Q: Are Bordoodles prone to excessive barking?
A: Bordoodles can be prone to excessive barking if not given enough mental stimulation or if they feel anxious or neglected.

Q: Do Bordoodles require a lot of attention?
A: Yes, Bordoodles are a high-energy breed that thrives on companionship and attention from their owners.

Q: Can Bordoodles adapt to apartment living?
A: While Bordoodles can adapt to apartment living, they require lots of exercise and mental stimulation and may be better suited to homes with a yard.

Q: Do Bordoodles need to be professionally trained?
A: While professional training can be beneficial, Bordoodles are generally easy to train and can be successfully trained by their owners with consistency and positive reinforcement.

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