Danios are fascinating creatures that belong to the family of small freshwater fish known as cyprinids. Originating from Southeast Asia, these vibrant and resilient animals have captivated the attention of both fish enthusiasts and scientists alike. In this blog post, we will delve into the intriguing history, facts, size, habitat, and classification of these stunning creatures.
Firstly, let’s explore the history of danios. These tiny animals have a rich and diverse background, with their origins dating back thousands of years. They were first discovered in the rivers and streams of Southeast Asia, specifically in countries like Bangladesh, Myanmar, and India. Over time, danios have become popular aquarium pets due to their striking colors and ease of care. Furthermore, their ability to adapt to various environments has made them an intriguing subject for scientific research.
Moving on to the facts about danios, these small fish are known for their energetic nature and playful behavior. They typically measure between 1.5-2 inches in length, making them an excellent choice for smaller aquariums. With their slender bodies and unique patterns, danios come in a variety of colors such as bright blue, red, and golden hues. Additionally, they are known for their shoaling behavior, often seen swimming and interacting with their fellow tank mates.
In terms of habitat, danios thrive in freshwater environments with temperatures ranging from 64-77 degrees Fahrenheit. They are commonly found in slow-moving or stagnant waters, such as rice paddies, ponds, and streams. Their adaptability to various water conditions allows them to survive in different habitats, contributing to their wide distribution across the globe.
Lastly, when it comes to the classification of danios, they belong to the family Cyprinidae and the genus Danio. There are over 30 known species of danios, each with its own distinct characteristics. Some popular species include the Zebra Danio, Leopard Danio, and Pearl Danio. Each species contributes to the vibrant and diverse world of aquarium fish, making them a popular choice for fishkeepers around the world.
So, join us on this exciting journey as we dive deep into the enchanting world of danios. From their captivating history to intriguing facts about their size, habitat, and classification, these remarkable animals will undoubtedly leave you amazed. Stay tuned for more fascinating insights into the lives of these incredible creatures!
History of Danios
The zebrafish, also known as the danio, is a small freshwater fish that originated in South Asia. These beautiful and colorful creatures have a long history that dates back thousands of years. People in ancient times often kept them as pets in decorative ponds and tanks.
In the 18th century, Danish scientists started studying danios to learn more about their biology and behavior. They discovered that these fish are very hardy and easy to care for, making them excellent subjects for scientific research. The danio’s ability to regenerate its fins and its transparent embryos also made it ideal for genetic studies.
In the early 2000s, researchers discovered that the danio’s genome is very similar to ours, with about 70% of its genes being similar to human genes. This groundbreaking finding led to danios becoming widely used in medical research. Scientists study them to understand human diseases and test potential treatments. Their small size, rapid growth, and ability to lay hundreds of eggs every week also contribute to their popularity in research.
Today, danios are not only valued for their beauty but also for their important role in scientific advancement. They continue to be kept as pets, with many people enjoying their vibrant colors and peaceful nature in home aquariums. These fish have come a long way from their ancient origins, playing a significant part in our understanding of biology and genetics.
Importance of Danios
Danios are small, colorful, and energetic fish that are highly valued as pets. They are popular among aquarium enthusiasts due to their vibrant colors and active swimming behavior. Danios, also known as zebrafish, are native to India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. They thrive in freshwater aquariums and are easy to care for, making them suitable for beginners.
One of the important roles of Danios is their ability to control the population of mosquito larvae in outdoor ponds and tanks. Mosquitoes are known to carry diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, which can be harmful to humans. By feeding on these mosquito larvae, the Danios help to reduce their numbers and prevent the spread of diseases.
Danios can also act as indicators of water quality. Being sensitive to changes in water conditions, they can help detect any imbalance or pollution in the aquarium. If the water becomes polluted or toxic, the Danios may show signs of stress or become sick. This can alert the aquarium owner to take necessary actions to improve the water quality, ensuring a healthy environment for the fish as well as other aquatic organisms.
In conclusion, the small and lively Danios play an important role as pets in our lives. They help control mosquito populations and can serve as indicators of water quality. Their bright colors and active nature make them a joy to watch, adding beauty and vitality to any aquarium. Keeping Danios as pets is not only enjoyable but also helps maintain a healthy and balanced ecosystem.
Amazing Facts About Danios
1. Danios are a popular type of small freshwater fish that are often kept in aquariums.
2. They belong to the family Cyprinidae and are native to Southeast Asia.
3. Danios come in various vibrant colors, such as blue, red, gold, and silver.
4. These fish are known for their active and playful nature, constantly swimming and exploring their environment.
5. Danios are schooling fish, which means they prefer to live in groups of six or more.
6. They are fairly small in size, typically ranging from 1 to 2 inches in length.
7. These fish are relatively easy to care for, making them suitable for beginner aquarium enthusiasts.
8. Danios are known to be great jumpers, so it is important to have a secure lid or cover on their aquarium.
9. They are omnivores, meaning they eat both plant matter and small invertebrates.
10. In the wild, Danios feed on a variety of food sources, including insects, worms, and algae.
11. These fish are peaceful and generally get along well with other small, non-aggressive species.
12. Danios prefer a well-maintained tank with plenty of hiding places, plants, and open swimming spaces.
13. They can tolerate a wide range of water conditions but prefer slightly acidic to neutral pH levels.
14. Danios are known to be relatively hardy and can withstand fluctuations in temperature and water conditions.
15. Breeding Danios is possible in captivity, and these fish can lay hundreds of eggs, which typically hatch within a few days.
Can we keep Danios as our Pet?
Many people love to keep pets. They can bring joy and companionship to our lives. But there are some animals that are not suitable to be kept as pets, especially if they are extinct. One such animal is the Danios. Unfortunately, the Danios is no longer alive, and it is important to understand why we cannot keep them as pets.
The Danios was a type of fish that lived in freshwater. However, due to various factors such as habitat loss, pollution, and overfishing, the population of Danios declined significantly. Eventually, they became extinct, which means that there are no more Danios left in the world. It is sad to know that we cannot keep them as pets because they are no longer around.
Extinction is a serious issue. When an animal becomes extinct, it means that it is gone forever. The loss of a species can disrupt the delicate balance of nature, affecting other animals and plants. That is why it is crucial to protect and preserve the habitats of animals like the Danios, so they do not face the same fate. It is a lesson for all of us to be more mindful of how our actions can impact the world around us.
In conclusion, while keeping pets can bring happiness, it is not possible to keep extinct animals like the Danios as pets. The extinction of the Danios serves as a reminder of the importance of conservation and taking care of our environment. Let us strive to protect and preserve the living creatures with whom we share this planet.
Size of Danios
Danios are small, vibrant freshwater fish that can bring life and color to any aquarium. These delightful creatures are commonly kept as pets due to their manageable size. On average, adult danios can grow to be around 1.5 to 2 inches long. This makes them suitable for smaller tanks and easy to care for.
Despite their small size, danios are known for their energetic nature. They are always on the move and enjoy swimming around the aquarium, making them a joy to watch. Because of their active behavior, it is recommended to keep them in groups of at least five or more. This not only creates a more dynamic and lively environment, but it also helps reduce any aggressive behavior among them.
Danios can be found in a variety of stunning colors and patterns, such as zebra stripes or shimmering blue and gold shades. They are not only visually appealing but are also hardy and adaptable. This means they can easily adjust to different water conditions and tolerate slight changes in temperature. These characteristics make danios an ideal choice for beginners or those looking to add some vibrant life to their aquarium without much hassle.
In conclusion, danios are small, active, and colorful freshwater fish that can brighten up any aquarium. With their manageable size and ability to adapt, they are suitable for beginners and experienced fish enthusiasts alike. Keeping them in groups will enhance their behavior and create a more engaging environment. So, if you’re looking for a lively addition to your aquarium, consider bringing home some delightful danios.
Habitat of Danios
Danios are small freshwater fish that are found in many parts of the world. They can be found in various habitats, such as rivers, streams, ponds, and even rice paddies. These tiny fish prefer habitats with clean, fast-moving water. They are usually found in shallow areas where they can swim freely among plants and rocks.
Danios are very adaptable creatures and can survive in a wide range of water conditions. They can tolerate both warm and cold water temperatures, as long as the water quality is good. They prefer water with a pH level of around 6 to 8 and thrive in habitats with plenty of oxygen. In the wild, they are often found in areas with a moderate current and lots of hiding spots.
The habitat of danios is crucial to their survival. In their natural habitat, they have access to plenty of food sources such as plankton, insects, and small crustaceans. The presence of plants and rocks in their environment provides them with hiding places to escape from predators. These habitats also offer suitable breeding grounds for danios, where they can lay their eggs on plants or substrate.
In summary, danios are small freshwater fish that can be found in various habitats around the world. They prefer clean, fast-moving water with a pH level of around 6 to 8 and plenty of oxygen. Their natural habitats provide them with food sources, hiding spots, and a suitable environment for breeding. By understanding their habitats, we can better ensure the well-being and conservation of these fascinating fish.
Evolution of Danios
Danios animals have undergone a fascinating evolution over millions of years. This evolution has led to the development of various species with different characteristics and adaptations. Let’s take a closer look at how these changes occurred.
In the beginning, danios lived in freshwater lakes and rivers across Southeast Asia. They started off as small fish with basic features, but as time went on, they evolved into different species with unique traits. One key adaptation was their ability to jump out of the water and glide through the air for short distances. This helped them escape from predators or find new habitats.
Furthermore, the colors and patterns of danios have evolved over time. Some species developed vibrant colors, like orange or blue, to blend in with their surroundings or to attract mates. These traits gave them an advantage in mating and survival, as they could better attract a suitable partner or camouflage themselves from predators.
Additionally, danios have also evolved in terms of their behavior. Some species have adapted to live in groups, called schools, where they swim closely together. This behavior serves as a defense mechanism against predators, as confusion and coordination make it harder for predators to single out one individual and catch it.
In summary, danios have evolved over the years through various adaptations in their appearance, behavior, and habitat preferences. These changes have helped them survive and thrive in different environments. From their jumping and gliding abilities to their diverse colors and patterns, danios have developed unique traits that continue to amaze us.
Classification of Danios
The Danios animal is a small and beautiful fish that belongs to the family called Cyprinidae. This family includes around 370 different kinds of fish species. Danios fish are found in rivers and streams in parts of Asia, such as India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
Danios fish come in different colors and patterns. They have a slender body and are quite small in size, usually reaching about 2-3 inches in length. These fish are well known for their energetic and playful nature, making them a popular choice for aquarium enthusiasts.
In terms of classification, the scientific name for Danios fish is Danio rerio. The genus name is Danio and the species name is rerio. They belong to the phylum Chordata, which includes animals with a backbone. Within the class Actinopterygii, which refers to ray-finned fish, Danios are part of the order Cypriniformes.
To summarize, Danios fish are a family of small and colorful fish found in Asia. They fall under the scientific name Danio rerio and are part of the phylum Chordata and the order Cypriniformes. These lively and playful fish can make a wonderful addition to any aquarium, delighting viewers with their vibrant colors and active behavior.
Different Types of Danios
1. Zebra Danio: This popular type of Danio has striking black and white stripes resembling a zebra. They are small in size, peaceful and easy to care for, making them a great choice for beginners in the fishkeeping hobby.
2. Pearl Danio: Known for its pearly, silver-colored body with shimmery scales, the Pearl Danio is an active and social fish that thrives in groups. They are hardy and adaptable, often seen swimming near the surface of the water.
3. Giant Danio: As the largest species of Danio, the Giant Danio can reach up to 4 inches in length. Their vibrant blue and yellow coloration is eye-catching, and they are known for their active nature and ability to jump, so a well-covered aquarium is essential.
4. Leopard Danio: With a unique spotted pattern resembling a leopard, this Danio adds a touch of excitement to any aquarium. They are peaceful and can adapt to various water conditions, making them suitable for both beginners and experienced aquarists.
5. Celestial Pearl Danio: Also known as Galaxy Rasbora or simply CPD, this small and colorful Danio species originated from Myanmar. Their shimmering blue, red, and orange coloration, along with a peaceful temperament, have made them highly sought after in the hobby.
6. Longfin Zebra Danio: This variety of Zebra Danio has long and flowing fins, which adds an elegant touch to its appearance. It retains the same color pattern as the original Zebra Danio and has the same easy-to-care-for nature, making it a popular choice among fishkeepers.
7. Golden White Cloud Mountain Minnow: Often confused with Danios, these small, peaceful fish are closely related and share similar qualities. The Golden White Cloud has a golden coloration and reddish fins, thriving in slightly cooler water temperatures than many other tropical fish.
8. Celestial Danio: With its celestial blue and silver stripes, this Danio species is truly mesmerizing. They are known for their peaceful nature and small size, making them ideal for community aquariums with other peaceful fish like tetras or guppies.
9. Glowlight Danio: As the name suggests, this Danio species has a unique ability to emit a faint glow. Their fluorescent orange stripe against a silver body creates a striking appearance. They are active swimmers and prefer to live in schools for a sense of security.
10. Red Fire Danio: Sporting a brilliant red coloration, this Danio type stands out in any aquarium. They are extremely hardy and versatile, adapting well to different water conditions. Their active nature and ease of care make them a preferred choice for both beginners and experienced aquarists.
Geographical Presence of Danios
Danios are a type of small fish that are found in various regions around the world. They are commonly found in the tropical regions of South Asia, particularly in countries like India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. These regions are known for their warm temperatures and lush vegetation, which provide the ideal habitat for Danios to thrive. In these areas, Danios can be found in freshwater bodies like rivers, ponds, and lakes.
However, there are some regions where Danios are not found. One such region is the Arctic and Antarctic regions. These areas have extremely cold temperatures, and the water is mostly frozen, making it impossible for Danios to survive. Another region where Danios are not found is the Sahara Desert in Africa. This desert is incredibly hot and lacks any significant water bodies for the fish to inhabit.
Despite their absence in certain regions, Danios can be found and are popular among fish enthusiasts in many parts of the world. Their vibrant colors and active nature make them a favored choice for aquariums. It is important to note that Danios are not found in all regions, and their natural habitat is primarily limited to the tropical regions of South Asia, where they can be seen swimming gracefully in the clear waters.
Scientific Name of Danios
The scientific name of a commonly known fish called Danios is Danio rerio. These fish are small in size and belong to the family Cyprinidae. They are also referred to as zebrafish due to their striking blue and silver stripes that resemble a zebra’s pattern.
Danio rerio is a freshwater fish species that originated from the rivers of South Asia. They are highly adaptable and are widely kept in aquariums by hobbyists. Zebrafish are known for their vibrant colors and active nature, making them an attractive choice for fish enthusiasts.
In scientific research, zebrafish, or Danio rerio, have become valuable subjects for studying various biological processes. Their transparent embryos allow scientists to observe different stages of development, making them ideal for genetic and developmental studies. Additionally, zebrafish possess regenerative abilities, which have provided insights into tissue repair and regeneration mechanisms.
Overall, Danio rerio or zebrafish are small, colorful freshwater fish that are well-suited for aquariums. They also play a crucial role in scientific research, as their distinct characteristics make them ideal subjects for studying various biological processes.
Diet of Danios
Danios are small fish that like to swim around in groups. They are not too picky when it comes to their food. In fact, their diet is quite simple. Danios are omnivores, which means they eat both plants and tiny animals. They eat various types of food to stay healthy and energized.
The main part of a Danio’s diet is made up of small insects and insect larvae. They like to hunt for these tasty treats in the water. They also eat small crustaceans, such as tiny shrimp and zooplankton. These small creatures provide them with important nutrients and a good source of protein.
Apart from animal-based food, Danios also enjoy eating plants and algae. They munch on tiny aquatic plants like duckweed and water lettuce. They also like to nibble on algae that grows on rocks or other surfaces. This makes their diet more balanced and ensures they get all the vitamins and minerals they need.
In summary, Danios have a simple but diverse diet. They eat small insects, larvae, crustaceans, and plants. This varied diet keeps them healthy and happy. Danios play an important role in the food chain, as they eat small creatures and are in turn eaten by larger fish and birds.
Locomotion of Danios
Danios are small fish that can swim very fast. Their locomotion, or the way they move, is quite interesting. They use their fins to propel themselves through the water. Their caudal fin, which is their tail fin, helps them move forward. By rapidly moving their tail from side to side, danios create a wave-like motion that pushes them forward.
In addition to their tail fin, danios also use their pectoral fins to change direction. These fins, located on the sides of their body, act like little steering wheels. Danios move these fins up and down to control where they want to go. They can easily swim up, down, left, or right depending on how they move their pectoral fins. This allows them to explore their surroundings and find food or avoid predators.
Social and Sexual Behaviour of Danios
Danios are small, colorful fish that live in groups called schools. They like to move around and explore their surroundings. These fish are very social creatures and enjoy being part of a community. They communicate with each other through body movements and color changes. For example, if a danio gets excited or wants to show dominance, it may turn its body into vibrant colors.
When it comes to their sexual behavior, danios are quite interesting. They have separate male and female individuals, and the males are usually more colorful than the females. During breeding season, which is when they are ready to have babies, the males will try to attract the females by displaying their colors and performing courtship dances. The male will then release sperm into the water, and the female will release her eggs. Once the eggs are fertilized, they will hatch into tiny baby danios.
In conclusion, danios are social and active fish that live in groups and communicate with each other. They show their social behavior through body movements and color changes. When it comes to mating, the males attract the females by displaying vibrant colors and performing dances. The eggs are then fertilized in the water, leading to the birth of small danio babies.
Reproduction and Lifecycle of Danios
Danios are small fish that can be found in rivers and streams. They have a unique way of reproducing and going through their life cycle. Let’s learn more about their reproduction and life cycle.
First, let’s talk about how danios reproduce. These fish are known for laying eggs instead of giving birth to live babies. The female danio lays her eggs, and then the male danio fertilizes them with his sperm. This usually happens in a specially prepared nest, which can be made of plants or small rocks. After the eggs are fertilized, they stick to the nest until they hatch. It’s interesting to see how the male and female danios work together to make sure their eggs are safe and will develop into baby fish.
Now, let’s move on to the life cycle of danios. Once the eggs hatch, tiny danio fry, or baby fish, emerge. At this stage, they are very fragile and need special care. They rely on their yolk sacs for food until they are strong enough to swim and eat on their own. As they grow, the baby fish go through different stages, developing their fins and scales. Eventually, they become adult danios and are ready to reproduce themselves. This whole process is called the life cycle of danios – from eggs to adult fish.
In conclusion, danios have a fascinating way of reproducing and going through their life cycle. They lay eggs and the male fertilizes them. Once the eggs hatch, the baby fish develop into adult danios. It’s amazing to see how these small fish grow and reproduce, continuing their life cycle in rivers and streams.
Threats to Danios
Danios animals are faced with several threats that can harm their population. One threat to these small fish is habitat destruction. When people destroy their natural environment, like rivers or ponds, it becomes difficult for danios to find food and shelter. Pollution is another threat to danios. When water is contaminated with harmful substances like chemicals or waste, it can make the danios sick or even cause their death. Finally, the introduction of non-native species is also dangerous for danios. These new species can harm the danios by competing with them for resources or by preying on them, reducing their numbers.
Habitat destruction is a big danger to danios. When forests are cut down or rivers are polluted, it disrupts their homes and can even lead to their extinction. People need to be aware of how their actions can harm these fish and take steps to protect their environment. Limiting pollution and conserving natural habitats can go a long way in safeguarding the danios animals.
In addition, the introduction of non-native species can be harmful to the danios’ survival. These new species may not have any predators or competitors in their new environment, allowing them to thrive and multiply rapidly. As a result, they can outcompete the native danios for food and resources, leading to a decline in their population. It is important to prevent the introduction of non-native species and maintain a balance in the ecosystem to ensure the survival of danios.
In conclusion, danios face threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and the introduction of non-native species. These challenges put their population at risk and can even lead to their extinction. It is crucial for people to take action to protect their natural habitats, reduce pollution, and prevent the introduction of harmful species in order to preserve the danios animals for future generations.
Population of Danios
The population of Danios animals was estimated to be around 1 million. These small, colorful fish were known for their vibrant patterns and energetic swimming. They could adapt well to different environments, making them popular pets among aquarium enthusiasts.
However, sadly, the Danios animals are now extinct. Due to various factors such as habitat loss, pollution, and overfishing, their population declined rapidly, and eventually, they could no longer be found in their natural habitats. This is a significant loss for our planet’s biodiversity.
The extinction of Danios animals serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving and protecting our natural environments. It is crucial for us humans to be mindful of our actions and take responsible measures to ensure the survival of different species. By promoting conservation efforts and raising awareness about the importance of biodiversity, we can help prevent the extinction of more animals in the future.
Conclusion
In summary, Danios are a fascinating species of fish that have a rich history and interesting facts. These small animals belong to the minnow family and are known for their vibrant colors and playful nature.
Danios can be found in various sizes, ranging from around an inch to several inches long. They are usually kept as pets in aquariums due to their small size and compatibility with other fish. These creatures are native to freshwater habitats, particularly in South Asia, and they thrive in environments with moderate water flow and plenty of plants.
Classification-wise, Danios fall under the family Cyprinidae and the genus Danio. With over 25 known species, each displaying unique characteristics, there is a wide variety of Danios that can be found in the animal kingdom. They are popular amongst fish enthusiasts for their ease of care and compatibility with different tank conditions.
In conclusion, Danios are fascinating creatures that have captured the attention of fish lovers around the world. Their history, facts, size, habitat, and classification all contribute to their popularity as pets. If you are interested in keeping a vibrant and lively addition to your aquarium, you might want to consider the captivating Danios.
Frequently Asked Questions about Danios (FAQ’s)
Q: What are Danios animals?
A: Danios animals are a type of freshwater fish that belong to the Danio genus, which includes various species of small, colorful fish.
Q: What do Danios look like?
A: Danios have elongated bodies with vibrant colors, such as blue, red, yellow, or a combination of these. They also have distinct horizontal stripes running along their bodies.
Q: How big do Danios grow?
A: Danios usually grow to be about 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) in length, depending on the specific species.
Q: Are Danios easy to care for?
A: Yes, Danios are generally considered to be easy to care for, making them a popular choice among aquarium enthusiasts, including beginners.
Q: Can Danios live in a community tank?
A: Yes, Danios are typically peaceful and can coexist with various fish species, making them suitable for community tanks.
Q: What is the ideal tank size for Danios?
A: Danios are small fish that can thrive in a tank as small as 10 gallons. However, providing a larger tank will allow them to swim more freely.
Q: What should I feed my Danios?
A: Danios are omnivores and will eat both live and prepared foods. They can be fed a diet consisting of high-quality flakes, pellets, and occasional live or frozen foods like brine shrimp or bloodworms.
Q: How often should I feed my Danios?
A: It is recommended to feed Danios small amounts multiple times a day, spreading it out over two to three feedings.
Q: What water conditions do Danios prefer?
A: Danios prefer slightly acidic to neutral water (pH 6.5-7.5) with a temperature range of 64-75°F (18-24°C).
Q: Can Danios tolerate different water hardness levels?
A: Yes, Danios are adaptable to a range of water hardness levels, but they generally prefer moderately hard water.
Q: How can I distinguish male and female Danios?
A: Male Danios are usually slimmer and more colorful, while females tend to have a rounder body shape and are less vibrant in color.
Q: Do Danios breed easily?
A: Yes, Danios are known to be prolific breeders, often laying eggs on plant leaves or other surfaces in the tank.
Q: How long do Danios live?
A: On average, Danios can live for about 2-5 years, but with proper care, they can live even longer.
Q: Can Danios jump out of the tank?
A: Yes, Danios have a tendency to jump, so it is recommended to have a tightly fitted lid or cover on the tank to prevent them from escaping.
Q: Can Danios live in coldwater tanks?
A: No, Danios are tropical fish and require a heated aquarium with a stable temperature.
Q: Are Danios suitable for beginners?
A: Yes, Danios are often recommended as good starter fish due to their hardiness, ease of care, and peaceful nature.
Hi there, I’m Emily Buono, and I’m thrilled to introduce myself! Currently, I’m part of two fantastic places: I work as a VisEx at the New England Aquarium and as an RAS at MGH CCM.
I completed my education at the Mass General Research Institute and Stonehill College, which is located in Valatie Colony, New York, in the United States.
Now, here’s the exciting part: I absolutely adore animals! They captivate me, and I’m always eager to learn more about them. In fact, I write articles all about these incredible creatures.
In the past, I’ve worn many hats, such as being a biologist at the Maria Mitchell Association, a cashier, a floor organizer, and a visitor experience and research animal specialist.
My passion lies in exploring the world of animals and helping others understand them better. So, if you ever have questions about animals, feel free to reach out. I’m here to make animal info easy and fun to grasp!
