Killer Clown Ball Python: History, Facts, Size, Habitat, Classification & Much More

By Morgan Gutierrez

In this blog post, we will dive into the fascinating world of the Killer Clown Ball Python. Native to West Africa, this unique animal has captured the attention of animal lovers worldwide with its striking appearance and intriguing characteristics. Despite its intimidating name, this species of python is not dangerous to humans, but rather, it is a popular choice among reptile enthusiasts.

The Killer Clown Ball Python gets its name from its vibrant and colorful scales, which resemble the face paint of a clown. These beautiful patterns can vary greatly from snake to snake, making each individual unique in its own way. These pythons are relatively small, growing to be around 3-5 feet long on average, making them suitable pets for beginners and experienced reptile owners alike.

In terms of habitat, these pythons thrive in warm and tropical environments. They are primarily nocturnal, meaning they are most active during the night. When it comes to classification, the Killer Clown Ball Python belongs to the reptile family, specifically the pythonidae family. This family is known for its non-venomous constrictor snakes, which means that they squeeze their prey to subdue it rather than using venom.

With this blog post, we hope to provide you with an in-depth understanding of the Killer Clown Ball Python, from its history and facts to its size, habitat, and classification. Whether you’re a snake enthusiast or simply curious about these mesmerizing animals, we invite you to join us on this informative journey. Don’t forget to explore our extensive collection of articles on a wide variety of animal species, including the fascinating world of over 155 different animals!

History of Killer Clown Ball Python

The Killer Clown Ball Python is a fascinating creature with a unique history. These snakes are bred in captivity by humans who carefully select their parent snakes to create specific patterns and colorations. The origins of the Killer Clown Ball Python can be traced back to the late 1990s when breeders started experimenting with breeding different morphs of ball pythons.

During the breeding process, breeders looked for snakes with specific traits, such as vibrant colors and intricate patterns. By selectively breeding these snakes, they were able to create a new morph called the Killer Clown Ball Python. This morph is known for its striking pattern, which features bright yellow spots on a dark brown or black background.

The popularity of the Killer Clown Ball Python quickly grew as more and more people became interested in owning these unique snakes as pets. Breeders continued to refine their breeding techniques, resulting in even more variations of the Killer Clown morph. Today, these snakes are highly sought after by reptile enthusiasts all around the world.

In summary, the history of the Killer Clown Ball Python can be traced back to the late 1990s when breeders began experimenting with breeding different morphs of ball pythons. Through careful selection and breeding, they were able to create the Killer Clown morph, known for its vibrant colors and intricate patterns. These snakes have since become popular pets among reptile enthusiasts everywhere.

Importance of Killer Clown Ball Python

The Killer Clown Ball Python is an incredible animal with many important qualities. First and foremost, it is a beautiful creature that captivates people with its striking colors and patterns. Its vibrant orange and yellow scales, along with the intricate markings, make it a stunning addition to any collection of reptiles. This unique appearance helps to spread awareness about the wonders of the animal kingdom and promotes a love and appreciation for these majestic animals.

Secondly, the Killer Clown Ball Python plays an important role in maintaining the balance of its natural habitat. As a predator, it helps to control the population of small rodents, like mice and rats. By doing so, it prevents these species from becoming too abundant, which could negatively impact agricultural crops and cause damage to human habitats. Its presence in the ecosystem is therefore crucial for the overall stability and sustainability of the environment.

Lastly, these animals serve as a source of educational opportunities. Learning about the Killer Clown Ball Python can help us understand the diversity of life on Earth and appreciate the need for its conservation. People of all ages can benefit from studying and observing these amazing creatures. By engaging with them through books, documentaries, and visiting zoological parks, we can learn about their unique characteristics and behaviors, ultimately fostering a sense of curiosity and respect for nature.

In conclusion, the Killer Clown Ball Python holds great importance in terms of its aesthetic appeal, its contribution to the ecosystem, and its potential for education. These factors highlight the significance of preserving and protecting these remarkable creatures for generations to come.

Amazing Facts About Killer Clown Ball Python

1. The Killer Clown Ball Python is a unique snake species that is highly sought after by reptile enthusiasts.
2. It is known for its striking and colorful appearance, with bold patterns and vibrant hues of orange, black, and white.
3. This python species is non-venomous and poses no threat to humans, making it a popular choice for pet owners.
4. The Killer Clown Ball Python gets its name from its distinctive clown-like markings, which resemble the face of a clown.
5. It is a relatively small python species, typically reaching lengths of 3 to 5 feet when fully grown.
6. These pythons are native to tropical regions of Central and West Africa, where they inhabit forests and grasslands.
7. They are primarily nocturnal creatures, meaning they are most active during the night and prefer to rest during the day.
8. Like other ball pythons, the Killer Clown Ball Python has a docile temperament, making it relatively easy to handle and care for.
9. They are constrictor snakes, meaning they capture and kill their prey by squeezing it tightly until it succumbs to the pressure and cannot breathe.
10. In the wild, their diet consists mainly of small mammals such as mice and rats, which they swallow whole after suffocating them.
11. These snakes have a lifespan of around 20 to 30 years in captivity if provided with proper care and a suitable environment.
12. They are known for their ability to curl themselves into tight balls, with their head tucked in the center, as a defensive mechanism when threatened.
13. Like all reptiles, the Killer Clown Ball Python requires a warm environment to regulate its body temperature, typically provided through heat lamps or heating pads in captivity.
14. These pythons have a unique adaptation called a heat-sensitive organ, located on their lower jaw, which allows them to detect the body heat of potential prey.
15. The Killer Clown Ball Python is a captivating reptile species that adds a touch of color and charm to the world of snake enthusiasts.

Can we keep Killer Clown Ball Python as our Pet?

The Killer Clown Ball Python is a unique and fascinating animal. It is not a good idea to keep this snake as a pet because it is not suitable for domestication. It is important to understand why we should not keep this snake as a pet.

Firstly, the Killer Clown Ball Python is not a natural species in the wild. It is a result of selective breeding by humans. Due to particular genes, this python has a striking and attractive pattern on its skin. However, this breeding process can sometimes cause health problems for the snake. It is not ethical to continue breeding these snakes just for their appearance.

Secondly, keeping exotic animals like the Killer Clown Ball Python as pets can have negative consequences for both the animal and the environment. These snakes require specific care and a suitable environment that can be difficult to provide in a home setting. They need a controlled temperature and humidity, a variety of foods, and enough space to move around. It can be challenging for most people to meet these requirements, which may result in the animal suffering or becoming stressed.

Overall, it is best to appreciate the beauty of the Killer Clown Ball Python from a distance and leave them in their natural habitat. It is our responsibility to protect and preserve the animal kingdom, and that includes not keeping animals as pets when it is not in their best interest. Instead, we can learn about them through books, documentaries, or by visiting experienced and ethical breeders or zoos who can provide a safe and suitable environment for these unique animals.

Size of Killer Clown Ball Python

The Killer Clown Ball Python is a type of snake that is quite popular among reptile enthusiasts. It is a medium-sized snake, typically ranging from 3 to 4 feet in length when fully grown. This makes it a manageable size for those who wish to keep it as a pet.

Despite its name, the Killer Clown Ball Python is not actually dangerous. It gets its name from its distinctive and vibrant pattern, which resembles that of a clown. The colors of its skin include bright oranges, yellows, and blacks, which make it a fascinating and eye-catching reptile.

Being a ball python, this species has the ability to curl up into a ball when it feels threatened or uncomfortable. This behavior allows it to protect its head and vital organs, which are tucked safely away. This adaption also makes it easier for the snake to rest and conceal itself during the day.

In summary, the Killer Clown Ball Python may have an intimidating name, but it is actually a harmless and striking-looking snake. With its medium size, vibrant colors, and ability to curl into a ball, it is no wonder that many people find this snake to be an intriguing pet choice.

Habitat of Killer Clown Ball Python

The habitat of a Killer Clown Ball Python is quite important for its survival and well-being. These unique creatures are found in the African rainforests, particularly in the countries of Nigeria, Togo, and Benin. In these rainforests, the climate is warm and humid, just like the regular weather in those areas.

The primary living space for a Killer Clown Ball Python is on the ground, where it can slither and move around freely. It prefers areas with lots of plants and trees, as they help to provide shade and protect the snake from extreme temperatures. These pythons are excellent climbers, and they often seek shelter in trees during the hotter parts of the day.

In their natural habitat, Killer Clown Ball Pythons have a diet consisting mainly of small mammals, like rats and mice. To catch their prey, they use their strong bodies and sharp teeth to quickly strike and constrict their meals until they are no longer able to move. These snakes are skilled hunters and have a fantastic ability to blend into their surroundings. Their unique markings and vibrant colors help them camouflage and stay hidden from both predators and potential prey.

In conclusion, the Killer Clown Ball Python is native to the rainforests of Africa, where it enjoys warm and humid weather. It lives on the ground but is also an excellent climber, often seeking shelter in trees. Its diet consists of small mammals, and it has adapted its appearance to blend in with its environment, ensuring its safety and success as a hunter.

Evolution of Killer Clown Ball Python

The Killer Clown Ball Python animal has an interesting evolutionary history. Over time, these snakes have developed unique characteristics that make them different from their ancestors. Let’s explore their fascinating evolution in three paragraphs.

In the first stage of the Killer Clown Ball Python’s evolutionary journey, it all began with the Ball Python species. These snakes originated in Central and West Africa, where they lived in warm environments such as grasslands and forests. They had a natural ability to curl up into a tight ball, which gave them their name. These snakes were known for their beautiful patterns and docile nature, making them popular pets.

As time passed, humans began selectively breeding Ball Pythons to create new and exciting color morphs. One such morph was the Clown Ball Python. Breeders noticed that certain snakes had unique patterns that resembled a clown’s face, and they decided to focus on developing this trait. Through careful breeding, the Killer Clown Ball Python eventually emerged, showcasing bright colors and distinct patterns that set them apart from their ancestors.

In recent years, the Killer Clown Ball Python has gained popularity among snake enthusiasts and collectors. Today, these snakes are highly sought after due to their striking appearance and friendly temperament. However, it is important to remember that these animals require specialized care and should only be kept by experienced snake owners who can provide a suitable habitat and meet their needs.

As the Killer Clown Ball Python continues to captivate people’s interest, its evolutionary journey reminds us of the amazing diversity and adaptability of life on our planet.

Classification of Killer Clown Ball Python

The Killer Clown Ball Python is a fascinating animal that belongs to the python family, Pythonidae. It falls under the classification of reptiles, which means it is cold-blooded and lays eggs. It specifically comes from the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordata, the class Reptilia, the order Squamata, and the suborder Serpentes. This particular suborder includes many different kinds of snakes, such as pythons and cobras.

Within the family Pythonidae, the Killer Clown Ball Python belongs to the species Python regius. The word “regius” actually comes from Latin and means “royal,” indicating the majestic appearance of this snake. The Ball Python is also commonly referred to as the Royal Python due to its regal patterns and calm nature. Its scientific name, Python regius, is used worldwide to identify this species and distinguish it from other pythons.

The Killer Clown Ball Python is further classified into a variety of morphs, which are different variations of its physical appearance. These morphs result from selective breeding and are highly sought after by reptile enthusiasts. The Killer Clown morph specifically displays a unique pattern on its skin, with vivid colors and intricate markings resembling a clown’s face. This distinct appearance makes it a popular choice for individuals looking for an exotic pet snake.

In conclusion, the Killer Clown Ball Python is a captivating reptile that belongs to the python family. Its classification within the animal kingdom, phylum, class, order, and suborder helps us better understand its evolutionary relationships and its place in the natural world. Additionally, the Python regius species and the Killer Clown morph highlight its individual characteristics, making it a remarkable and sought-after pet for snake enthusiasts.

Types of Killer Clown Ball Python

1. Killer Clown Ball Python has vibrant colors and a unique pattern of bright yellow, white, and black scales, making it one of the most popular and visually striking types of python snakes.

2. This python species gets its name from the clown-like appearance it has due to its coloration, adding an element of fascination to snake enthusiasts.

3. The Killer Clown Ball Python is known for its docile temperament, making it an ideal pet for both first-time snake owners and experienced handlers.

4. These pythons typically grow to a manageable size, reaching around 3 to 5 feet in length, making them easier to handle and care for compared to larger snake species.

5. Due to their unique appearance and relatively tame nature, Killer Clown Ball Pythons are highly sought after in the reptile trade, making them a popular choice for breeders and collectors alike.

6. These snakes require a suitable enclosure with proper heat and humidity levels, as well as regular feeding schedules consisting of appropriately sized rodents.

7. Killer Clown Ball Pythons are part of the Ball Python family, known for their ability to roll into a tight ball as a defensive mechanism, keeping their heads protected from potential predators.

8. This python species is native to West Africa, primarily found in regions such as Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, and Ghana. However, they are now widely available through captive breeding programs.

9. The Killer Clown Ball Python’s compatibility with captivity and gentle nature contributes to its popularity as a pet snake, as it can be easily handled without aggressive behavior.

10. With proper care and a suitable habitat, Killer Clown Ball Pythons can live for around 20-30 years, providing snake enthusiasts with years of enjoyment and companionship.

Geographical Presence of Killer Clown Ball Python

The Killer Clown Ball Python is a type of snake that can be found in the region of Africa, specifically in the central and western parts of the continent. These snakes are native to countries like Ghana, Togo, Benin, and Nigeria, where they inhabit forests, grasslands, and other similar habitats. In Africa, the Killer Clown Ball Python is known for its colorful and striking appearance, with patterns of bright yellow, orange, and brown covering its body.

On the other hand, the Killer Clown Ball Python is not found in any other regions outside of Africa. It is not naturally found in Europe, Asia, the Americas, or any other part of the world. This species of snake has a limited distribution and is exclusive to the African continent.

It is important to note that the Killer Clown Ball Python, like any other snake, should not be kept as a pet without proper knowledge and experience in handling reptiles. These snakes have specific care requirements, and it is crucial to understand their needs before considering owning one. Additionally, it is essential to follow local regulations and guidelines regarding ownership and importation of snakes to ensure the well-being of the animals and the safety of the environment.

Scientific Name of Killer Clown Ball Python

The scientific name of the Killer Clown Ball Python is Python regius. This snake is a morph or color variant of the popular pet snake known as the Ball Python. It gets its name from its unique and striking appearance, which resembles the face paint of a clown.

The Killer Clown Ball Python is characterized by its bright yellow or orange background color, with dark brown or black irregular blotches covering its body. These blotches often form patterns that resemble a clown’s face, with the eyes and smile outlined. The overall effect is quite eye-catching and distinctive.

Like other Ball Pythons, the Killer Clown Python is a non-venomous snake and is quite docile in nature. It is commonly kept as a pet due to its relatively small size and calm temperament. These pythons are native to regions in West and Central Africa and are known for their ability to curl up into a tight ball when threatened, hence the name “Ball Python.”

In summary, the Killer Clown Ball Python, scientifically known as Python regius, is a unique color variant of the Ball Python. Its eye-catching appearance resembles the face paint of a clown. These snakes are docile and popular as pets due to their small size and calm temperament. Native to West and Central Africa, they have the ability to curl up into a ball when threatened.

Diet of Killer Clown Ball Python

The diet of a Killer Clown Ball Python is an important aspect of its life. They usually eat small to medium-sized rodents, such as mice or rats. These snakes are carnivores, which means they eat only meat. Their diet is crucial for their growth and overall health.

Killer Clown Ball Pythons typically eat about once a week. They have a special way of catching their prey. These snakes are constrictors, which means they wrap their bodies around their prey and squeeze it tightly until it can no longer breathe. This might sound scary, but it’s how they survive in the wild.

In captivity, owners of Killer Clown Ball Pythons need to provide them with the right food. They usually feed them frozen and thawed rodents, as it is safer and easier to handle. It’s important to offer the appropriate size of food for the snake’s age and size. A well-balanced diet is necessary for their well-being and they should be monitored during feeding to ensure they eat properly.

In summary, Killer Clown Ball Pythons eat small to medium-sized rodents and are constrictors, meaning they wrap themselves around their prey. In captivity, owners feed them frozen and thawed rodents, making sure to offer the right size and to monitor their feeding process. A healthy diet is essential for the overall health and growth of these fascinating snakes.

Locomotion of Killer Clown Ball Python

The killer clown ball python moves in a very unique way. It uses its muscles to slither along the ground. This python has a long, slender body that helps it to move smoothly and quickly. It does not have any legs, so it relies on its body muscles to push itself forward.

When the killer clown ball python wants to move, it contracts its muscles and pushes against the ground. This creates a wave-like motion that travels from its head to its tail. The snake then lifts the front part of its body off the ground and curves it forward. It repeats this process, propelling itself forward with each wave-like movement.

In summary, the killer clown ball python moves by slithering on the ground. It uses its muscles to create a wave-like motion that allows it to move smoothly and quickly. Despite not having any legs, this python is very skilled at getting around!

Social and Sexual Behaviour of Killer Clown Ball Python

The social behavior of the Killer Clown Ball Python is quite interesting. These pythons are solitary creatures, which means they prefer to live alone rather than being in groups. They spend most of their time hiding and resting, only coming out to hunt for food. Unlike some other snake species, the Killer Clown Ball Python does not exhibit any form of complex social interaction or communication with other snakes. They do not display any territorial behavior, and each snake usually has its own personal space.

When it comes to sexual behavior, the Killer Clown Ball Python follows a simple pattern. During the breeding season, which usually occurs in the spring, male snakes will search for females by following their scent trails. Once they find a female, they will engage in a courtship behavior that involves rubbing against her body and intertwining their tails. The male will then deposit sperm into the female’s body through his reproductive organ. After mating, the male and female part ways, as they do not engage in any type of parental care for their offspring.

In summary, the Killer Clown Ball Python is a solitary creature that doesn’t socialize much with other snakes. When it comes to mating, males search for females during the breeding season and engage in a brief courtship ritual before fertilization occurs. These snakes lead independent lives, without displaying any signs of complex social or territorial behavior.

Reproduction and Lifecycle of Killer Clown Ball Python

The killer clown ball python is a fascinating animal with a unique life cycle. It goes through several stages in its reproduction process. First, the male python seeks out a female to mate with. They do a special kind of dance to communicate their interest in each other. Once they find a suitable partner, they mate and the female python becomes pregnant.

After a period of about 40 to 50 days, the female python lays eggs, usually around 5 to 10 eggs at a time. She carefully chooses a safe spot to lay them, such as a hidden burrow or a hole in a tree. The eggs are then left alone by the mother, as she does not provide any further care. The eggs are incubated for about 55 to 60 days until they hatch.

When the baby pythons finally hatch, they are completely on their own. They have to quickly learn how to find food and protect themselves from potential predators. The young pythons are about 10-15 inches long and mainly feed on small mammals and birds. As they grow, they shed their skin several times to accommodate their increasing size. This process is called molting.

As the young pythons get older, they become adults and the cycle starts all over again. They will eventually reach sexual maturity and begin the journey of finding a partner to mate with. The life cycle of a killer clown ball python is a continuous process of reproduction and growth that allows this amazing species to thrive in its natural habitat.

Threats to Killer Clown Ball Python

The Killer Clown Ball Python animal faces several threats in its natural habitat. One significant threat is habitat loss. As people expand cities and clear forests, the homes of these snakes are destroyed. Without a safe place to live and find food, their population decreases. It is important for us to protect their habitats and ensure they have enough space to survive.

Another threat to the Killer Clown Ball Python is illegal pet trade. These beautiful snakes are often captured and sold as exotic pets. However, this practice is harmful because it disrupts their natural ecosystem. Many people do not know how to take care of them properly, which leads to their death or abandonment. We must educate others about the importance of not supporting the illegal pet trade and instead choose suitable pets that are legal and ethically obtained.

Lastly, climate change also poses a threat to the Killer Clown Ball Python. As the climate changes, their environment becomes less suitable for their survival. Extreme weather conditions, such as droughts or floods, can affect their ability to find food and shelter. This can have devastating effects on their population. It is crucial for us to take action to reduce our impact on the environment and mitigate climate change to protect these fascinating creatures and their habitats.

In order to safeguard the survival of the Killer Clown Ball Python, we need to address these threats and take action. By protecting their habitats, enforcing laws against illegal pet trade, and combatting climate change, we can ensure a better future for these incredible animals. Let us all do our part to make a positive difference and protect the magnificent Killer Clown Ball Python.

Population of Killer Clown Ball Python

The population of the Killer Clown Ball Python animal is not well known as it is not a naturally occurring species in the wild. The Killer Clown Ball Python is actually a result of breeding two different types of ball pythons together to create a unique pattern and coloration. Therefore, it is more common to find these animals in captivity rather than in their natural habitat.

Due to this, it is difficult to estimate the population of the Killer Clown Ball Python. However, it can be assumed that there are a significant number of them being bred and kept as pets by reptile enthusiasts. Many people find the distinct pattern and coloration of the Killer Clown Ball Python fascinating, which has contributed to its popularity and the number of individuals in captivity.

If the Killer Clown Ball Python were to become extinct, it would mean that there are no longer any individuals left alive. Extinction can occur due to various reasons, such as loss of habitat, disease, or human activities. However, since this animal is a product of selective breeding and not a wild species, it is unlikely to face extinction in the same way as natural species do.

Conclusion

To sum up, the Killer Clown Ball Python is a fascinating animal. With its unique appearance and interesting history, it captures the attention of many people. This snake is known for its beautiful colors and patterns, making it a popular choice among reptile enthusiasts.

In terms of size, the Killer Clown Ball Python is a relatively small snake, reaching an average length of about 3-4 feet. Its habitat consists of grasslands and forests in Western Africa, where it can camouflage itself among the vegetation. Despite its name, this python is not a threat to humans and is actually quite docile in nature.

When it comes to classification, the Killer Clown Ball Python belongs to the family Pythonidae. It is a non-venomous constrictor, relying on its strong body muscles to squeeze its prey. These fascinating creatures are part of the reptile kingdom, which also includes other animals like turtles, lizards, and crocodiles.

In conclusion, the Killer Clown Ball Python is a captivating animal with a rich history and unique characteristics. Its vibrant colors, small size, and gentle nature make it a popular choice among snake enthusiasts. As part of the reptile kingdom, these snakes add diversity to the world of animals.

Frequently Asked Questions about Killer Clown Ball Python (FAQ’s)

Q: What is a Killer Clown Ball Python?
A: A Killer Clown Ball Python is a specific morph (color variation) of the Ball Python snake species.
Q: What makes the Killer Clown Ball Python unique?
A: The Killer Clown Ball Python has a distinct pattern and coloration, combining elements of the Killer Bee and the Clown Ball Python morphs.
Q: How big do Killer Clown Ball Pythons get?
A: Killer Clown Ball Pythons are known to grow to an average length of 3 to 5 feet, with some individuals reaching up to 6 feet.
Q: What do Killer Clown Ball Pythons eat?
A: Like other Ball Pythons, Killer Clown Ball Pythons primarily eat small rodents such as mice and rats.
Q: What is the temperament of a Killer Clown Ball Python?
A: Killer Clown Ball Pythons are generally known for their calm and docile temperament, making them a popular choice among snake enthusiasts.
Q: Do Killer Clown Ball Pythons require any special care?
A: While not necessarily requiring special care, Killer Clown Ball Pythons, as with other Ball Pythons, need a proper enclosure, heating, and feeding routine to thrive.
Q: Can a Killer Clown Ball Python be kept as a pet?
A: Yes, Killer Clown Ball Pythons can make great pets for experienced reptile keepers.
Q: Are Killer Clown Ball Pythons venomous?
A: No, Killer Clown Ball Pythons, like all Ball Pythons, are non-venomous snakes.
Q: How long do Killer Clown Ball Pythons live?
A: With proper care, Killer Clown Ball Pythons can live up to 20 to 30 years in captivity.
Q: How do Killer Clown Ball Pythons get their unique pattern?
A: The unique pattern and coloration of a Killer Clown Ball Python is a result of specific genetic traits inherited from their parents.
Q: Are Killer Clown Ball Pythons rare?
A: Killer Clown Ball Pythons are considered somewhat rare, as obtaining the specific morph can be challenging.
Q: Can Killer Clown Ball Pythons be bred with other Ball Python morphs?
A: Yes, Killer Clown Ball Pythons can be bred with other Ball Python morphs to produce various hybrid combinations.
Q: How can I purchase a Killer Clown Ball Python?
A: You can purchase a Killer Clown Ball Python from reputable reptile breeders or pet stores specializing in reptiles.
Q: Are Killer Clown Ball Pythons suitable for beginners?
A: While they have a generally calm temperament, Killer Clown Ball Pythons are recommended for experienced reptile keepers due to their specific care needs.
Q: Do Killer Clown Ball Pythons require any special environmental conditions?
A: Killer Clown Ball Pythons require a warm and humid environment, with a temperature gradient and a humidity level between 50% and 60%.

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