Liopleurodon: History, Facts, Size, Habitat, Classification & Much More

By Morgan Gutierrez

In today’s blog post, we are going to dive into the fascinating world of extinct animals and explore one particular creature known as Liopleurodon. Although it may be hard to pronounce, this ancient animal has an interesting history, filled with facts that may astonish you. From its enormous size to its unique habitat, we will uncover all there is to know about this impressive predator.

The Liopleurodon, whose name means “smooth-sided tooth,” roamed the Earth during the Jurassic Period, a time when different species of dinosaurs and other animals lived. This magnificent creature was a marine reptile, similar to modern-day whales or dolphins. Liopleurodon was truly a giant in the ocean, with the largest known specimen estimated to measure up to an astonishing 82 feet long. Its long body, paddle-like limbs, and powerful jaws equipped with sharp teeth made it a fearsome predator.

Liopleurodon inhabited the seas and oceans of what is now Europe, particularly in the areas that are now known as England and France. These ancient seas were vastly different from the oceans we know today, with an array of unique marine life. It is believed that Liopleurodon occupied the top of the food chain, taking advantage of its size, strength, and speed to hunt and feed on smaller marine animals.

So, if you are intrigued by mysterious and awe-inspiring creatures like Liopleurodon, you’ll surely find our blog a great resource. We already have an article covering a wide range of extinct animals, including over 155 different species. Join us as we uncover the history, facts, size, habitat, and classification of these remarkable animals, and be prepared to be amazed by the diversity of life that once existed on our planet. Let’s explore the captivating world of extinct animals together!

History of Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon was a prehistoric sea creature that lived during the Jurassic Period, which was about 160-155 million years ago. It was a large marine reptile that belonged to a group of animals called plesiosaurs. Liopleurodon was one of the biggest plesiosaurs, measuring up to 23 feet long. It had a long neck, a powerful body, and four flippers that helped it swim through the water.

Liopleurodon was a fierce predator and a top predator in its ecosystem. It had a large head with sharp teeth, which it used to catch and eat fish, squid, and other marine animals. Its strong body and swimming ability allowed it to hunt effectively in the water. Liopleurodon had eyes on the top of its head, giving it excellent vision and allowing it to spot its prey from a distance.

Scientists have found fossil remains of Liopleurodon in different parts of the world, including Europe and South America. These fossils have provided important information about the animal’s size, structure, and behavior. From studying the fossils, scientists have also been able to estimate the age of Liopleurodon and its evolutionary history.

Liopleurodon is an important part of Earth’s history as it gives us a glimpse into what life was like millions of years ago. Its large size, unique features, and adaptation to the marine environment make it an intriguing creature. By studying Liopleurodon and other prehistoric animals, scientists can learn more about the ancient world and how it has evolved over time.

Importance of Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon was an important animal that lived during the Jurassic Period, around 150 million years ago. It was a type of marine reptile known as a Pliosaur, and it was one of the biggest predators in the oceans at that time. Liopleurodon had a very long neck and a massive body, with sharp teeth that could catch and eat large fish and other marine creatures.

One important role that Liopleurodon played in its ecosystem was as a top predator. It helped to keep the balance in the ocean by hunting and eating other animals. This helped to control the population of its prey and prevent overpopulation, which can have negative effects on the environment. Liopleurodon was especially important in maintaining the balance of the food chain in the oceans where it lived.

Another importance of Liopleurodon was its contribution to the study of prehistoric animals. Fossils of Liopleurodon have been found in many different countries, and these fossils have provided scientists with valuable information about what life was like during the Jurassic Period. By studying Liopleurodon fossils, scientists have been able to learn about its anatomy, behavior, and even its possible relatives. This knowledge has helped us to understand more about the Earth’s history and the diversity of life that existed in the past.

In conclusion, Liopleurodon was an important animal that played a vital role in its ecosystem and contributed valuable knowledge to the science of paleontology. By being a top predator, it helped to keep the balance in the underwater world. The study of Liopleurodon has provided scientists with important information about the past, helping us gain a better understanding of the Earth’s history and the incredible variety of life that has existed on our planet.

Amazing Facts About Liopleurodon

1. Liopleurodon is an extinct marine reptile that lived during the Jurassic period, about 150 million years ago.
2. It is believed to be among the largest and most powerful predators that ever existed, measuring up to 40 feet in length.
3. Liopleurodon had a long and slender body, equipped with powerful flippers that allowed it to swim swiftly through the water.
4. It had a large triangular head, with sharp teeth that were designed for catching and eating fish and other marine animals.
5. Liopleurodon’s eyes were relatively small and placed on the sides of its head, giving it a wide field of vision to spot prey.
6. Its powerful jaws were capable of delivering a strong bite force, which helped it to easily capture and consume its prey.
7. The neck of Liopleurodon was relatively short and stout, compared to other marine reptiles like plesiosaurs.
8. There are different species of Liopleurodon, with some having a more elongated snout and others having a shorter one.
9. It is believed that Liopleurodon was a solitary hunter, roaming the oceans in search of prey rather than living in groups.
10. Fossil records suggest that Liopleurodon primarily lived in warm and tropical seas, inhabiting areas that are now parts of Europe and South America.
11. Liopleurodon is closely related to other plesiosaurs, a group of marine reptiles that lived alongside dinosaurs.
12. Despite its enormous size, Liopleurodon is thought to have been a swift swimmer, capable of chasing down fast-moving prey.
13. Its massive size and predatory nature indicate that Liopleurodon played a significant role in maintaining the balance of marine ecosystems during its time.
14. In 1999, a famously reconstructed Liopleurodon skeleton was featured in the BBC documentary series “Walking with Dinosaurs.”
15. The presence of Liopleurodon fossils has contributed to our understanding of ancient marine life and the diverse range of creatures that existed millions of years ago.

Can we keep Liopleurodon as our Pet?

Liopleurodon was an amazing and gigantic marine reptile that lived millions of years ago. However, it became extinct a very long time ago, so it is not possible to keep it as a pet today. Extinction means that a species has completely died out and there are no more of its kind left.

Liopleurodon went extinct along with the dinosaurs during a time called the Mesozoic Era, specifically in the Late Jurassic period. There are many theories as to why they disappeared, but one of the main reasons is believed to be a dramatic change in the Earth’s climate. The environment in which Liopleurodon lived changed drastically, making it difficult for them to survive.

It’s important to understand that keeping extinct animals as pets is not possible because they no longer exist. The natural habitats that they once lived in have changed, and we cannot recreate the conditions needed for these animals to survive. It is our responsibility to respect and protect the animals that are still living today, rather than trying to bring back extinct ones. Extinct animals belong to the past, and we can learn from their existence and study their fossils to understand the Earth’s history better.

So, even though Liopleurodon was an extraordinary creature, we cannot keep it as a pet because it is extinct. Instead, we must focus on appreciating and protecting the animals that are still alive today and learn from the amazing creatures that are now a part of our history.

Size of Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon was a very big animal that lived a long time ago during the time of the dinosaurs. It was a type of marine reptile, similar to a modern-day crocodile or dolphin. Liopleurodon was one of the largest creatures to ever live in the ocean.

Liopleurodon could grow to be about 30 to 40 feet long. That’s as long as a big school bus! It had a long and slender body, with four flippers that helped it swim through the water. Its head was large with sharp teeth, which made it a fearsome predator. It used its powerful tail to move swiftly through the water and catch its prey.

Scientists believe that Liopleurodon lived in the oceans and hunted for fish and other marine animals. With its big size and strong jaws, it was a fearsome hunter. It is believed that Liopleurodon had very good eyesight and could spot its prey from far away in the water. When it found its target, it would quickly swim towards it and use its sharp teeth to catch and eat it.

In conclusion, Liopleurodon was a huge marine reptile that lived a long time ago. It was about the size of a school bus and had long flippers and a powerful tail. It used its sharp teeth and good eyesight to hunt and eat fish and other marine animals. Liopleurodon was a formidable predator that ruled the ancient oceans.

Habitat of Liopleurodon

The habitat of Liopleurodon was in the ancient oceans millions of years ago during the Jurassic period. It lived in warm water areas all around the world, such as what is now Europe and South America. Liopleurodon was a huge marine reptile, and it needed a large and comfortable environment to live in.

Liopleurodon preferred to live in shallow coastal areas, where it could easily find food. In these environments, there were plenty of fish, squid, and other small marine creatures for Liopleurodon to hunt and eat. The shallow waters also provided an advantage to Liopleurodon, as it could swim close to the surface to catch its prey.

The oceans where Liopleurodon lived were teeming with life. In addition to the abundance of food, there were also many other creatures that shared the same habitat. Liopleurodon had to compete with other big marine reptiles, like Pliosaurus and Kronosaurus, for food and territory. Despite this competition, Liopleurodon was a skilled predator and was able to successfully hunt and survive in its ocean habitat.

Overall, Liopleurodon enjoyed a comfortable habitat in the ancient oceans. It lived in warm, shallow coastal areas, where it had access to plenty of food and shared its home with other marine creatures. The habitat of Liopleurodon was a bustling and diverse ecosystem, and this magnificent marine reptile thrived in this environment millions of years ago.

Evolution of Liopleurodon

The Liopleurodon animal is a fascinating creature that evolved through many changes over a long period of time. It is believed to have originated from a group of ancient reptiles called the Pliosaurs, which lived in the oceans around 160 million years ago during the Jurassic period. These reptiles were known for their large size, with some individuals reaching lengths of up to 30 feet.

During the course of evolution, the Liopleurodon animal underwent several adaptations that helped it survive and thrive in its oceanic habitat. One of the most significant changes was the development of powerful flippers, which allowed it to swim swiftly through the water. These flippers, combined with a streamlined body shape, made it an agile predator capable of capturing its prey with ease.

Another important adaptation of the Liopleurodon animal was the evolution of its teeth. It had a mouth full of sharp, cone-shaped teeth that were perfectly designed for catching and tearing apart its prey. These teeth, along with its strong jaws, made the Liopleurodon a formidable hunter in the ancient oceans.

Overall, the evolution of the Liopleurodon animal demonstrates the incredible transformations that can occur over millions of years. From its origins as a Pliosaur to the development of powerful flippers and sharp teeth, this creature evolved to become a top predator in its marine environment. Its adaptations allowed it to excel at hunting and thriving in the ancient oceans, leaving a lasting impression on the history of Earth’s diverse animal kingdom.

Classification of Liopleurodon

The Liopleurodon is a prehistoric animal that lived millions of years ago during the Jurassic period. It is classified as a type of marine reptile called a plesiosaur. Plesiosaurs were aquatic creatures that had long necks, paddle-like limbs, and sharp teeth. They were one of the top predators in the oceans at that time.

The Liopleurodon had a unique body shape that made it a powerful swimmer. It had a large, streamlined body and could reach lengths of up to 23 feet. Its head was big and its jaws were filled with sharp teeth, which it used to catch and eat fish, squid, and other marine animals. Despite its massive size, the Liopleurodon was able to move quickly through the water, thanks to its strong paddle-like limbs.

When it comes to the classification of the Liopleurodon, it belongs to the animal kingdom, the phylum Chordata, the class Reptilia, and the order Plesiosauria. Plesiosauria is a group of marine reptiles that lived during the age of dinosaurs. In this order, there were various types of plesiosaurs, with the Liopleurodon being one of the largest and most well-known species.

In summary, the Liopleurodon was an incredible creature that lived in the prehistoric oceans. It was a plesiosaur, a kind of marine reptile that was a powerful swimmer and a top predator. With its streamlined body, sharp teeth, and paddle-like limbs, the Liopleurodon ruled the seas during the time of dinosaurs.

How did Liopleurodon Extinct?

Liopleurodon was a fascinating and gigantic marine reptile that lived during the Jurassic period. It was one of the largest predators in the oceans, measuring up to 50 feet long. Despite its impressive size and strength, Liopleurodon eventually went extinct, just like many other incredible creatures from the past.

There are several theories about what might have led to the extinction of Liopleurodon. One possible reason is a change in the Earth’s climate. During the Jurassic period, the climate was warm and the oceans were shallow, providing a suitable habitat for Liopleurodon. However, as the climate changed and the oceans became colder, the food sources for Liopleurodon may have been affected. If they couldn’t find enough food to survive, their population would have dwindled, eventually leading to their extinction.

Another possible reason for the extinction of Liopleurodon is competition from other marine predators. During the time when Liopleurodon lived, there were other large predators in the oceans, such as ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs. These creatures may have competed with Liopleurodon for food and territory. If the competition became too intense, Liopleurodon may have struggled to survive and reproduce, ultimately leading to their extinction.

Lastly, changes in the ecosystem could have also played a role in the extinction of Liopleurodon. When certain key species disappear from an ecosystem, it can have a profound impact on the rest of the food chain. Liopleurodon, being a top predator, relied on a balanced ecosystem to thrive. If any of its prey species went extinct or faced a significant decline, it would have affected the availability of food for Liopleurodon, making it difficult for them to survive.

In summary, the extinction of Liopleurodon was likely caused by a combination of factors, such as changes in the Earth’s climate, competition from other marine predators, and disruptions in the ecosystem. These factors led to a decline in their population and eventually their extinction. Liopleurodon’s story serves as a reminder of the delicate balance that exists in nature and how changes can impact even the mightiest creatures.

Geographical Presence of Liopleurodon

The Liopleurodon is a prehistoric marine reptile that lived during the Jurassic period. It is believed to have been found mainly in the seas and oceans of what is now Europe. This region, known as Europe, was home to a diverse range of marine life during the time of the Liopleurodon’s existence.

The Liopleurodon was primarily found in the waters surrounding what is now England and France. These areas had a favorable climate and rich food sources for the Liopleurodon to thrive. They were excellent swimmers and had adaptations that allowed them to hunt and capture prey efficiently in these waters.

However, Liopleurodon fossils have not been found in other parts of the world. They are not found in places such as Asia, Africa, or the Americas. This suggests that the Liopleurodon was confined to the seas of Europe during its time on Earth.

In conclusion, the Liopleurodon was found in the seas and oceans of Europe, particularly around England and France. It did not exist in other regions like Asia, Africa, or the Americas. This prehistoric marine reptile thrived in the European waters due to its swimming abilities and the abundance of food sources.

Scientific Name of Liopleurodon

The scientific name for the Liopleurodon animal is Liopleurodon ferox. Liopleurodon was a type of marine reptile that lived during the Jurassic period, about 160-155 million years ago. It was a powerful predator that ruled the ancient seas.

Liopleurodon ferox had a long and slender body, with four strong flippers that helped it swim gracefully through the water. It was a carnivorous creature, meaning it only ate meat. Its sharp teeth were adapted for catching and tearing apart its prey, which mainly consisted of fish and other marine animals.

This incredible reptile could grow up to 23-33 feet long, making it one of the largest and deadliest predators of its time. It had a huge head with powerful jaws, allowing it to take down prey much larger than itself. Its strong body and streamlined shape helped it swim swiftly and efficiently, making it a fearsome predator in the ancient oceans.

In summary, Liopleurodon ferox was a massive marine reptile that lived millions of years ago. It was a skilled hunter that fed on fish and other marine creatures. Its scientific name, Liopleurodon ferox, tells us about its characteristics and its position in the animal kingdom.

Diet of Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon was an aquatic reptile that lived a long time ago. Even though we can’t talk about Liopleurodon specifically, we can learn about its diet by looking at other animals that lived in the same time and place. Liopleurodon’s relatives, like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, give us an idea of what Liopleurodon might have eaten.

Liopleurodon and its relatives were probably big predators in the ocean. They had sharp teeth and powerful jaws to catch and eat their food. These reptiles were carnivores, which means they mostly ate other animals. They liked to hunt fish and squid, just like many of the predators we have today. Liopleurodon was a strong swimmer, so it was able to chase after its prey and catch it easily.

To understand Liopleurodon’s diet better, scientists also study the fossils of its teeth. By examining these fossils, they can tell what size of prey the reptile could eat. The teeth of Liopleurodon were similar to those of its relatives, pointing to a diet of fish and perhaps smaller marine reptiles. It is thought that Liopleurodon might have ambushed its prey from below, quickly using its sharp teeth to grab hold and swallow its food whole. With its big size and powerful bite, it would have been a fearsome predator in the ancient oceans.

Locomotion of Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon is a really big sea creature that lived a long time ago. It has a special way of moving in the water, called locomotion. Locomotion means how an animal moves from one place to another.

Liopleurodon used its strong body and long flippers to swim. It would move its body in a side-to-side motion, kind of like a snake. This helped it to quickly glide through the water. Its flippers, which were like big paddles, would push against the water to help it move forward. Liopleurodon had a big tail that it used to give it even more power and speed when swimming. It could even change direction quickly while hunting for food.

In conclusion, Liopleurodon had a unique way of moving in the water called locomotion. It used its strong body, long flippers, and big tail to swim. Its side-to-side motion and powerful flippers allowed it to move quickly and change direction easily.

Social and Sexual Behaviour of Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon is a prehistoric sea creature that lived millions of years ago. Although we don’t know much about its social and sexual behavior, scientists can make some educated guesses based on its relatives and other creatures from the same time period. It is believed that Liopleurodon probably lived a solitary life, meaning it did not travel or interact with others of its kind very often.

As for Liopleurodon’s sexual behavior, it is likely that they engaged in a type of reproduction similar to modern-day reptiles. Females would lay eggs, and males would fertilize them. However, there is still much to learn about the specific details of how Liopleurodon reproduced.

In conclusion, although there is limited information about Liopleurodon’s social and sexual behavior, scientists believe that they were solitary creatures and likely reproduced by laying eggs. By studying other creatures from the same time period and drawing comparisons, scientists can make assumptions about the behavior of this prehistoric sea creature.

Reproduction and Lifecycle of Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon is a type of animal that lived a long time ago. Like other animals, Liopleurodon went through a process called reproduction to have babies and continue their species. The life cycle of Liopleurodon started with the female Liopleurodon laying eggs. These eggs were then placed in nests or carefully hidden in the sand. The mother Liopleurodon took care of these eggs until they hatched.

Once the eggs hatched, baby Liopleurodons came out of them. These baby Liopleurodons were very small and needed their mother to take care of them. They stayed close to their mother for a while, learning important skills like swimming and hunting for food. As they grew bigger and stronger, they started to become more independent and could do things on their own.

As the Liopleurodon continued to grow and learn, it went through different stages of life. It started as a small baby, then became a juvenile, and finally reached adulthood. The adult Liopleurodon was fully grown and capable of reproducing. It would find a mate, and the cycle of reproduction would start all over again. This is how Liopleurodons were able to have more of their kind and ensure the survival of their species.

In summary, Liopleurodon reproduced by laying eggs and taking care of them until they hatched. The babies grew under the guidance of their mother, becoming more independent as they got older. Eventually, they reached adulthood and could have babies of their own, completing the life cycle of Liopleurodon.

Threats to Liopleurodon

Liopleurodon is an amazing animal that lived long ago in the Earth’s oceans. However, like any other species, it faced many threats that put its survival at risk. One major threat to Liopleurodon was competition for food. As a top predator, Liopleurodon needed to eat a lot of food to survive. But there were many other marine creatures, such as sharks and ichthyosaurs, that also wanted to eat the same fish and squid. So, Liopleurodon had to compete with these other animals to find enough food, which could sometimes be really difficult.

Another threat to Liopleurodon was changes in the environment. The Earth’s climate was not always the same during the time when Liopleurodon lived. Sometimes, it got warmer, and other times, it got cooler. These changes made it harder for Liopleurodon to find the right conditions to live in. The water temperature, for example, affected the availability of fish and other food sources. In addition, changes in sea levels could lead to the disappearance of the coastal areas where Liopleurodon would lay its eggs, threatening its ability to reproduce and ensure the survival of its species.

Lastly, Liopleurodon faced the danger of being hunted by other larger predators. While Liopleurodon was a fearsome predator itself, there were even bigger and more dangerous creatures, like gigantic sharks and other marine reptiles, that could attack and kill it. This constant risk of predation forced Liopleurodon to be constantly on guard, ready to defend itself or flee from its larger and stronger enemies.

In conclusion, Liopleurodon struggled with threats such as competition for food, changes in the environment, and the danger of being hunted by larger predators. These challenges made survival difficult for this incredible prehistoric animal, emphasizing the importance of adaptation and resilience in the face of changing environments and growing competition.

Population of Liopleurodon

The population of Liopleurodon, an ancient marine reptile that lived during the Jurassic period, is not known for certain. Since Liopleurodon existed millions of years ago, there are no accurate records that can tell us exactly how many of these creatures roamed the oceans. However, scientists estimate that there could have been several thousand individuals living in the seas during that time.

Unfortunately, Liopleurodon is now considered extinct. This means that there are no more of these incredible creatures left in the world today. The exact reason for their extinction is not fully understood, but it is believed that a changing environment and lack of food may have played a role. The extinction of Liopleurodon occurred millions of years ago and was a natural part of the Earth’s history, just like many other species that have gone extinct over time.

Although we cannot see or study Liopleurodon in real life anymore, we have learned a lot about these fascinating animals through fossils that have been discovered. Their extinction is a reminder that species come and go on our planet, and it highlights the importance of protecting and preserving the biodiversity we have today, so that future generations can continue to enjoy and learn from the amazing variety of life on Earth.

Conclusion

To sum up, Liopleurodon is a fascinating creature from the past. This enormous sea reptile, known for its massive size and powerful jaws, lived millions of years ago during the Jurassic period. Although we cannot encounter them today, studying their remains and fossils provides valuable insights into the history of the animal kingdom.

Liopleurodon was an apex predator, ruling the ancient oceans with its incredible strength. With an estimated length of up to 23 meters, this creature was much larger than any animal alive today. Its habitat was the warm seas, where it used its streamlined body and long flippers to navigate the waters with ease.

When it comes to classification, Liopleurodon belongs to the group of prehistoric reptiles called pliosaurs. These reptiles were not dinosaurs, but instead were more closely related to modern-day reptiles such as crocodiles and snakes. Liopleurodon’s massive size and sharp teeth made it a fearsome predator, capable of capturing and devouring smaller marine animals.

In conclusion, Liopleurodon was a remarkable creature that roamed the ancient oceans with its immense size and powerful jaws. Its classification as a pliosaur and the knowledge we have gained about its habitat and behavior through fossils have contributed to our understanding of the incredible diversity of animals that lived in the past. Although they are no longer with us, these ancient animals continue to fascinate and captivate our imagination.

Frequently Asked Questions about Liopleurodon (FAQ’s)

Q: What is a Liopleurodon?
A: Liopleurodon is an extinct marine reptile that lived during the Jurassic period.

Q: How big was the Liopleurodon?
A: The Liopleurodon was one of the largest reptiles known, reaching lengths of up to 23-33 feet.

Q: Where did the Liopleurodon live?
A: Liopleurodon lived in the oceans that covered Europe during the Jurassic period.

Q: What did the Liopleurodon eat?
A: Liopleurodon was a carnivorous predator that primarily ate fish and other marine reptiles.

Q: Did the Liopleurodon have any natural enemies?
A: As one of the apex predators of its time, the Liopleurodon did not have any significant natural enemies.

Q: Was the Liopleurodon a fast swimmer?
A: Yes, Liopleurodon was believed to be a swift swimmer and it likely used its strong tail and flippers to navigate through water.

Q: How did the Liopleurodon catch its prey?
A: The Liopleurodon would typically ambush its prey by swimming quickly and grasping them with its large, sharp teeth.

Q: Did the Liopleurodon have any defensive capabilities?
A: It is speculated that the Liopleurodon had a tough skin and powerful jaw muscles, which may have aided in its ability to defend itself against other predators.

Q: What are some unique features of the Liopleurodon?
A: Liopleurodon had a massive head, a short neck, four large flippers, and sharp, conical teeth. These adaptations made it an efficient predator.

Q: How did scientists learn about the Liopleurodon since it is extinct?
A: Paleontologists have uncovered fossil remains of Liopleurodon, allowing them to study its anatomy and behavior.

Q: When was the Liopleurodon first discovered?
A: The first Liopleurodon fossil was discovered in the 19th century in England.

Q: How many species of Liopleurodon have been identified?
A: Currently, three species of Liopleurodon have been identified: L. ferox, L. pachydeirus, and L. rossicus.

Q: What is the estimated lifespan of the Liopleurodon?
A: It is difficult to determine the exact lifespan of the Liopleurodon, but it is believed to have lived for several decades.

Q: What caused the extinction of the Liopleurodon?
A: The exact cause of the Liopleurodon’s extinction is unknown, but changes in the environment, competition with other predators, or differences in food availability could have played a role.

Q: Are there any living relatives of the Liopleurodon?
A: No, the Liopleurodon is an extinct species, and no direct living relatives exist today.

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