Hello everyone! Today, we have an exciting blogpost lined up for you. We will be delving into the fascinating world of extinct animals, specifically focusing on the majestic creatures called Theropods. Get ready to embark on a journey through time as we uncover their history, fascinating facts, size, habitat, and classification.
But before we dive in, let’s mention that our blog already features an extensive article on more than 155 different animal species. Make sure to check it out if you’re interested in learning about various animals from around the world!
So, what exactly are Theropods? These incredible animals were a diverse group of carnivorous dinosaurs that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. They were known for their bipedal stance, hollow bones, sharp teeth, and clawed limbs. Some of the most famous members of this group include the mighty Tyrannosaurus rex and the agile Velociraptor.
Theropods came in all shapes and sizes, ranging from small and nimble to large and fearsome. Their habitats were incredibly diverse as well, with some preferring dense forests while others ruled open grasslands. These magnificent creatures played an essential role in the prehistoric ecosystem, showcasing their dominance as apex predators.
As we continue further into this blogpost, get ready to explore the incredible history, mind-boggling facts, various sizes, unique habitats, and the classification of Theropods. You’ll be amazed by the astonishing world of these extinct animals. So, let’s dive right in and uncover the secrets of Theropods together!
History of Theropod
Theropod animals were a group of creatures that lived on Earth millions of years ago. They were part of a larger family called dinosaurs, which were enormous creatures that roamed the planet. Theropods were different from other dinosaurs because they were mainly carnivores, which means they ate meat.
These fascinating animals first appeared during the late Triassic period, about 230 million years ago. They quickly evolved into various forms and sizes. Some theropods were as large as a bus, while others were as small as a chicken. They had sharp teeth and claws, which helped them catch and eat their prey. Some famous examples of theropods include Tyrannosaurus rex, Velociraptor, and Spinosaurus.
Theropods were incredibly successful and widely spread across the world. They populated almost every continent, from North America to Africa to Asia. They were skilled hunters and their strong bodies allowed them to move quickly and efficiently. Some theropods, like the famous T. rex, were at the top of the food chain, ruling over other animals with their massive size and power.
Unfortunately, theropods and all dinosaurs became extinct around 65 million years ago. Scientists believe that a major cataclysmic event, possibly an asteroid impact, led to their decline. However, many birds today are believed to be the direct descendants of theropods, which means that a small part of these incredible creatures still lives on, soaring through the skies to this day.
Importance of Theropod
Theropod animals are incredibly important for our understanding of the Earth’s history and the evolution of dinosaurs. They were a diverse group of carnivorous dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago. By studying their fossils, scientists have been able to learn a great deal about the ancient world and how life has changed over time.
Firstly, Theropods were top predators in their ecosystems, meaning they played a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature. They controlled the population of herbivorous dinosaurs and influenced the evolution of other animals. Without Theropods, the entire ecosystem would have been disrupted, and other species may not have evolved the way they did.
Secondly, studying Theropods can help us understand how life on Earth has evolved. By examining their skeletal structure, scientists can make connections between different species and track the changes that occurred over millions of years. This knowledge helps us piece together the history of life on our planet, leading to important discoveries about our own origins.
Lastly, understanding Theropods is essential for our understanding of dinosaurs as a whole. They were the largest group of dinosaurs and included the well-known Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor. Learning about Theropods helps us imagine what these ancient creatures looked like and how they lived, leading to a better appreciation of the incredible diversity of life that existed on Earth long before humans appeared.
In summary, Theropod animals are crucial for our understanding of the Earth’s history, the balance of ecosystems, and the evolution of dinosaurs. By studying these carnivorous dinosaurs, scientists can gain insights into the ancient world, track the changes that have occurred over millions of years, and appreciate the immense diversity of life on Earth.
Amazing Facts About Theropod
1. Theropod animals were a diverse group of dinosaurs that lived during the Mesozoic Era, which lasted from about 252 to 66 million years ago.
2. The word “theropod” means “beast-footed,” referring to their bipedal (two-legged) stance.
3. They were carnivorous dinosaurs, meaning they primarily ate meat.
4. Some well-known examples of theropods include Tyrannosaurus rex, Velociraptor, and Allosaurus.
5. Theropods had sharp, serrated teeth to help them tear into their prey.
6. Many theropods had long, muscular tails that helped them with balance and agility.
7. Some theropods were relatively small, while others could grow to be gigantic, such as T. rex.
8. They had hollow bones, like modern birds, which made them lighter and allowed them to move quickly.
9. Most theropods had three-toed feet with sharp claws that aided in hunting and capturing prey.
10. Many theropods were covered in feathers, which evolved from earlier scales.
11. Theropods were able to walk and run on two legs, which allowed them to be faster and more agile than their quadrupedal counterparts.
12. They had well-developed vision, allowing them to spot prey from a distance.
13. Some theropods, such as Velociraptor, had sharp, retractable claws on their hands.
14. Many theropods had a distinctive “S”-shaped neck, which allowed them to maintain balance while running.
15. The group of theropod dinosaurs is believed to be the ancestors of modern birds, as they share many anatomical similarities, including hollow bones and feathers.
Can we keep Theropod as our Pet?
Keeping a Theropod animal as a pet is not possible because they no longer exist. These animals, which were a type of dinosaur, went extinct millions of years ago. Let me explain why we cannot have them as pets.
Theropods were a diverse group of dinosaurs that lived during the Mesozoic Era. They were fierce predators with sharp teeth and claws. Some well-known examples of theropods include the Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor. However, these incredible creatures disappeared from the Earth a long time ago.
The extinction of theropods happened due to various reasons. One major factor was a sudden catastrophe, like a massive asteroid hitting the Earth. This event caused widespread destruction, leading to the extinction of many species, including theropods. Additionally, changes in the climate and the loss of their food sources may have also contributed to their demise.
Nowadays, we can only see theropods in museums or in movies. Unfortunately, we cannot bring them into our homes as pets. They were massive creatures that required special environments and had specific dietary needs. Moreover, their nature as predators makes it dangerous and impractical to keep them around humans. While it’s fascinating to study and learn about these animals, we must remember that they belong to the past and cannot be kept as pets.
In conclusion, theropods were remarkable creatures that roamed our planet long ago, but they no longer exist. Due to their extinction, it is impossible to keep them as pets. However, we can continue to learn about these extraordinary animals through books, documentaries, and museum exhibits. Let’s appreciate their existence and understand the importance of preserving the animals that still exist today.
Size of Theropod
Theropod animals were a diverse group of prehistoric creatures that lived millions of years ago. They were known for their large size and fearsome appearance. These carnivorous dinosaurs ranged in size, from as small as a chicken to as large as a school bus.
Some of the smallest theropods, such as the Compsognathus, were about the size of a chicken or a turkey. They walked on two legs and had sharp teeth for catching small prey. On the other hand, there were giant theropods like the Tyrannosaurus Rex, which stood about 20 feet tall and measured up to 40 feet long. It was one of the largest land predators that ever existed.
The size of theropod animals varied due to factors such as their species, habitat, and available food sources. The size of their fossils discovered by scientists helps us determine their dimensions. By studying these fossils and comparing them to living animals, researchers estimate the size of different theropods. This helps us understand how they might have looked and behaved when they roamed the Earth.
In summary, theropod animals came in different sizes, ranging from the small chicken-sized ones to the gigantic dinosaurs like theTyrannosaurus Rex. They were fearsome predators, and their size depended on various factors. By studying their fossils, scientists have been able to piece together the size and appearance of these incredible creatures from the past.
Habitat of Theropod
Theropod animals existed millions of years ago and lived in various habitats. These remarkable creatures were found all over the world, in different ecosystems and environments. They could be seen roaming in lush forests, open grasslands, or even along the shores of ancient lakes and rivers.
In the forests, theropods made their homes amongst towering trees and dense vegetation. The dense canopy offered them shade from the scorching sun, and the trees provided ample opportunities for hunting prey. The forests were teeming with life, providing an abundant food source for these carnivorous animals. They would often stealthily move through the undergrowth, seeking out their next meal.
Some theropod species preferred open grasslands. The vast expanse of these environments gave them the advantage of spotting prey from afar. The grasslands were populated with a variety of herbivorous animals, like small dinosaurs or mammals, which made these areas ideal hunting grounds for theropods. Their ability to run quickly over long distances allowed them to chase down their prey in hot pursuit.
Along the shores of ancient lakes and rivers, theropods found a different kind of habitat. These areas provided them with easy access to water, which was essential for their survival. It also attracted a wide range of aquatic animals that ventured onto the land, offering a diverse menu for theropods to choose from. They could ambush their prey as they came to drink or wait patiently for their target to come close to the water’s edge.
In conclusion, theropod animals lived in diverse habitats, including forests, open grasslands, and along the shores of ancient lakes and rivers. These environments provided them with the necessary resources for survival, such as food and water. Their ability to adapt to different habitats allowed them to thrive during their time on Earth.
Evolution of Theropod
Theropod animals, also known as meat-eating dinosaurs, evolved and changed over millions of years. These creatures were part of a larger group called dinosaurs, which lived on Earth long ago. They were known for their sharp claws, strong legs, and ability to walk on two legs. However, theropods were not always the fearsome predators we imagine them to be.
In the early stages of theropod evolution, around 230 million years ago, these animals were small and walked on four legs. They were similar to today’s crocodiles or lizards. Over time, some theropods adapted to a different lifestyle. They began to walk on their hind legs, which allowed them to run faster and become more agile hunters. This change in posture was crucial for the evolution of theropods into the fierce predators we know from movies and books.
As time went on, theropods continued to evolve. Some species grew to be huge, while others shrank in size. Some developed feathers, likely for insulation or display purposes. One group of theropods even evolved into modern-day birds! Yes, birds are actually living theropods. They share many characteristics with their ancestors, such as a wishbone, hollow bones, and feathers. So, next time you see a bird flying through the sky, remember that you are witnessing a descendant of the powerful and diverse theropod group.
In summary, theropods were a type of meat-eating dinosaur that evolved over millions of years. They started as small, four-legged animals and gradually adapted to walk on their hind legs, becoming fearsome predators. Eventually, some theropods evolved into the birds we see today. Understanding the evolution of theropods gives us a glimpse into Earth’s ancient past and the incredible diversity of life that once roamed our planet.
Classification of Theropod
Theropod animals were a group of dinosaurs that lived millions of years ago. They were generally known as “beast-footed” because they walked on two legs. These fascinating creatures were a diverse group that came in many different shapes and sizes. Scientists have classified theropods into several different groups based on their characteristics.
The first group of theropods were the large and fearsome carnivores, such as Tyrannosaurus rex and Allosaurus. These dinosaurs had sharp teeth and powerful jaws, which they used to hunt and eat other animals. They were at the top of the food chain and were considered the apex predators of their time.
The second group of theropods were the smaller and more bird-like dinosaurs, such as Velociraptor and Archaeopteryx. These dinosaurs had feathers and some were even capable of flying. They were lighter and more agile than the larger carnivores and could catch prey in different ways.
Over the years, scientists have discovered many new species of theropods, each with its own unique characteristics. This has led to further classification within the theropod group, such as the spinosaurs, which had long spines on their backs, and the coelurosaurs, which included the famous Tyrannosaurus rex.
In conclusion, theropod animals were a diverse group of dinosaurs that lived long ago. They were classified into different groups based on their characteristics, such as size, shape, and hunting techniques. The large carnivores and the smaller bird-like dinosaurs were just a few examples within this fascinating group. The study of theropod classification helps us understand more about the ancient world and the incredible creatures that once roamed the Earth.
How did Theropod Extinct?
Theropod animals were a group of dinosaurs that ruled the Earth millions of years ago. They were fierce and powerful predators, known for their sharp teeth and claws. However, these fascinating creatures eventually became extinct, leaving behind only their fossils for us to study and wonder about.
There are a few theories as to why theropods went extinct. One of the most popular theories is related to a massive asteroid impact that occurred about 66 million years ago. This event caused a lot of destruction on Earth, including huge volcanic eruptions and a tremendous amount of dust in the atmosphere. This dust blocked out the sunlight and caused a significant drop in temperature, making it difficult for plants to grow. With a decrease in plant life, the herbivores that theropods relied on for food also suffered, leaving the predators hungry and struggling to survive.
Another possible reason for their extinction could be related to environmental changes. Over time, the Earth’s climate changed, leading to the formation of different habitats. As a result, the prey species that theropods relied on may have become scarce or migrated to new areas. This meant that theropods had to adapt to survive in new environments, which could have been difficult for them. They might not have been able to compete with other predators or find enough food to sustain their population.
Additionally, competition with other animals could have played a role in the extinction of theropods. As new species evolved and filled different ecological niches, they may have outcompeted the theropods for food and resources. This increased competition for survival could have put immense pressure on the theropod populations, ultimately leading to their decline and eventual extinction.
In conclusion, the extinction of theropod animals is still a topic of scientific debate. However, the most popular theories suggest that these dinosaurs might have become extinct due to a combination of environmental changes, asteroid impacts, and increased competition. While it is sad that theropods are no longer around, their fossils continue to teach us valuable lessons about the Earth’s ancient history and the importance of adaptation for all living beings.
Geographical Presence of Theropod
Theropod animals, which are a group of bipedal, carnivorous dinosaurs, have been found in various regions around the world. These regions include North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Fossils of different species of Theropods have been discovered in these regions, giving us valuable insights into the lives of these ancient creatures.
However, there are certain areas where Theropod fossils have not been found. For example, they have not been found in Antarctica, as it was covered in ice during the time when dinosaurs roamed the Earth. Additionally, there have been no significant Theropod findings in islands such as Madagascar and New Zealand, possibly due to factors such as limited research or the absence of suitable rock formations where fossils can be preserved.
Theropods were a diverse group of dinosaurs that lived in various parts of the world millions of years ago. Their fossils have been discovered in many regions, allowing scientists to study and understand these fascinating creatures. However, it is important to keep exploring and discovering new areas to gain a more comprehensive understanding of Theropod distribution and evolution.
Scientific Name of Theropod
A scientific name for a theropod animal is Tyrannosaurus rex. This name is made up of two parts, the genus name, Tyrannosaurus, and the species name, rex. The word “tyrannosaurus” means “tyrant lizard” in Greek, and the word “rex” means “king” in Latin. So, the scientific name for Tyrannosaurus rex can be translated to “tyrant king lizard.”
Tyrannosaurus rex is a type of dinosaur that lived millions of years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. It was a large carnivorous dinosaur with sharp teeth and strong jaws. It is one of the most well-known dinosaurs and is often depicted in movies and books as a fierce and powerful creature.
Scientists have learned about Tyrannosaurus rex from studying its fossils, which are the remains of the animal preserved in rocks. By examining these fossils, scientists can learn about the size, shape, and behavior of this ancient animal. The scientific name, Tyrannosaurus rex, helps to identify and categorize this particular type of theropod dinosaur in the scientific community.
Diet of Theropod
Theropods were a group of ancient animals that lived a long, long time ago. They were carnivorous creatures, which means their diet mainly consisted of eating meat. They were very good hunters and had sharp teeth and claws to catch their prey. These fascinating creatures were known for their large size and ferocious nature, making them fearsome predators.
Since Theropods were meat-eaters, their diet mainly consisted of other animals. They would hunt small and large animals alike. Some Theropods were known to have hunted and eaten large dinosaurs! They used their powerful jaws and sharp teeth to tear through the flesh of their prey. It is believed that they were skilled hunters and used their speed and agility to catch their meals.
Theropods would eat almost any animal they could catch. They would feast on creatures like small reptiles, mammals, birds, and even fish. It is thought that they may have even scavenged for food if they couldn’t find a fresh kill. These ancient predators were at the top of the food chain and played an important role in maintaining balance in the ecosystem of their time.
In conclusion, Theropods were carnivorous dinosaurs that primarily hunted and ate other animals. They were skilled hunters and would devour animals of all sizes. Their diet consisted of a variety of creatures, which they either hunted or scavenged. These fascinating ancient creatures were fearsome predators that helped regulate the food chain in their time.
Locomotion of Theropod
Theropod animals were a group of dinosaurs that lived a long time ago. They were known for their fierce and powerful locomotion. These animals had two long, strong hind limbs that helped them walk and run.
When a theropod moved, it would use its back legs to push off the ground. It had long feet with claws that helped it grip the surface and move forward. Some theropods were even capable of running very fast. This locomotion was important for hunting and chasing after their prey.
The long legs and quick movements of theropods allowed them to be agile and swift. They could change direction quickly and catch their prey by surprise. The locomotion of these fascinating animals is still studied by scientists today, as it provides valuable insights into the behavior and abilities of dinosaurs.
Social and Sexual Behaviour of Theropod
Theropod animals, which existed millions of years ago, are known for their unique social and sexual behaviors. These creatures, often referred to as meat-eaters, had fascinating ways of interacting with each other.
In terms of social behavior, many theropods lived in groups or packs. These groups consisted of individuals that worked together for hunting, protection, and even raising their young. Living in a pack allowed theropods to communicate, coordinate their movements, and increase their chances of survival. They would often hunt in packs, taking down large prey by working together.
When it comes to sexual behavior, theropods had their own distinct ways. Males would often engage in elaborate courtship displays to attract females. These displays could include dancing, calling, and even dueling with other males. The most successful displays would impress the females and increase the male’s chances of mating.
Overall, the social and sexual behaviors of theropods were fascinating and played a crucial role in their survival. Living in packs allowed them to hunt efficiently and protected them from predators, while their unique sexual behaviors ensured the continuation of their species. Studying these behaviors gives us valuable insights into the lives of these ancient creatures.
Reproduction and Lifecycle of Theropod
Theropod animals were ancient carnivorous creatures that lived long, long ago. These amazing creatures had a fascinating reproduction and life cycle.
The life of a theropod started with an egg. Just like birds, theropods laid eggs to reproduce. The female theropod would carefully select a safe place to lay her eggs, such as a nest on the ground or even in a burrow. She would lay several eggs, usually in a single clutch. The mother theropod would then sit on her eggs to keep them warm and protect them from predators until they hatched.
Once the eggs hatched, tiny theropod babies emerged. These baby theropods were extremely vulnerable and had to rely on their parents for everything. They needed constant care, protection, and food from their parents to survive. The parents would hunt for prey and bring it back to the nest to feed their hungry offspring. As the baby theropods grew, they started to explore the world around them, slowly becoming more independent.
As the theropod babies grew into adolescents, they would face many challenges and dangers. They had to learn how to hunt for food on their own and avoid becoming prey themselves. The teenagers would also start to develop the traits and features that distinguished them as theropods, such as sharp teeth and strong claws. Eventually, these adolescents would grow into fully grown adult theropods and the cycle would begin again, as they would search for a mate and lay their own eggs.
In summary, theropods started their life as eggs which hatched into vulnerable babies. They relied on their parents for care until they could fend for themselves. As they grew, they faced challenges and developed the characteristics of theropods. And so, the incredible cycle continued, ensuring the survival of the theropod species for millions of years.
Threats to Theropod
Theropod animals face several threats that put their survival at risk. One major threat comes from habitat loss. Due to deforestation and urbanization, their natural habitats are being destroyed, leaving them with less space to live and find food. As a result, many theropods are forced to migrate or compete for limited resources, which can lead to increased conflicts and even extinction.
Another threat to theropods is poaching and illegal hunting. Some people hunt these animals for their skin, meat, or other body parts, which are often used in traditional medicine or sold as exotic products. This illegal trade not only reduces the population of theropods but also disrupts the balance of ecosystems they live in. It is important to raise awareness about the importance of protecting these animals and enforcing strict laws against poaching.
Climate change is also a significant threat to theropods. Rising temperatures, changing weather patterns, and loss of suitable habitats disrupt the life cycle of these animals. They rely on specific conditions to breed, migrate, and find food. As their habitats become less predictable, it becomes harder for them to survive and reproduce. It is crucial to take measures to combat climate change and protect the natural environments that support theropod populations.
In conclusion, theropod animals face numerous threats, including habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. These factors not only endanger the survival of these animals but also disrupt the delicate balance of ecosystems. To ensure the continued existence of theropods, it is essential to address these threats by promoting habitat conservation, enforcing anti-poaching laws, and actively working to combat climate change.
Population of Theropod
The population of theropod animals, which includes giant creatures like the Tyrannosaurus rex and smaller ones like the Velociraptor, is difficult to estimate accurately due to lack of exact data. Scientists assume that during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, when theropods lived on Earth, their population was quite sizable. It is believed that there were many different species of theropods, each with its own population size.
Sadly, all theropod species are now extinct. Extinction means that these animals no longer exist today. There are a few theories as to why theropods went extinct, such as climate change and the impact of a huge asteroid or comet colliding with Earth. These events caused drastic changes in the environment, making it difficult for theropods to survive. As a result, they gradually disappeared over time, leaving behind only fossils that we can study and learn from.
In conclusion, although there is no exact figure for the population of theropod animals, it is thought to have been quite large. Unfortunately, these fascinating creatures are no longer seen on our planet today due to factors like climate change and catastrophic events that led to their extinction.
Conclusion
In this blogpost, we learned about the fascinating and mighty Theropod animals. These prehistoric creatures were truly awe-inspiring in many ways. We explored their history, interesting facts, size, habitat, and classification.
Theropods were a diverse group of animals that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. They were primarily carnivorous, which means they ate meat. These amazing creatures varied greatly in size, from small species as tall as your desk to enormous ones towering over a two-story building. Some well-known examples of Theropods include the fearsome Tyrannosaurus rex and the swift Velociraptor.
These ancient beasts thrived in a variety of habitats, from forests to open plains. They were agile and powerful, adapting to their environments to become efficient hunters. Although Theropods were extinct long before humans came into existence, we can still learn a lot about them through the study of fossils and other evidence.
In conclusion, studying Theropods allows us to marvel at the incredible diversity and power of ancient animals. Their history, size, habitat, and classification teach us valuable lessons about the wonders of the natural world. Exploring the world of Theropods ignites our imaginations and reminds us of the incredible variety of life that existed on Earth long before our time.
Frequently Asked Questions about Theropod (FAQ’s)
Q: What is a theropod animal?
A: A theropod animal is a type of bipedal dinosaur that belongs to the group Theropoda.
Q: Did theropods live during the Mesozoic Era?
A: Yes, theropods lived during the Mesozoic Era, which lasted from about 252 million years ago to 66 million years ago.
Q: Were theropods carnivorous?
A: Most theropods were indeed carnivorous and primarily fed on meat.
Q: How large were theropods?
A: Theropods ranged in size from small, chicken-sized species to enormous dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus rex.
Q: Did theropods have feathers?
A: Many theropods were covered in feathers, making them likely ancestors of modern birds.
Q: How did theropods move?
A: Theropods were bipedal, meaning they walked on two legs.
Q: What were the teeth of theropods like?
A: Theropods had sharp, serrated teeth that were ideal for tearing flesh.
Q: Did theropods hunt in groups?
A: Some smaller theropod species may have hunted in groups, while larger ones were likely solitary hunters.
Q: Did theropods have strong jaws?
A: Yes, theropods had strong jaws that allowed them to deliver powerful bites.
Q: Were theropods intelligent creatures?
A: While it is difficult to determine the exact intelligence of theropods, some species, like certain raptors, are thought to have possessed relatively high cognitive abilities.
Q: Did theropods take care of their young?
A: There is limited evidence to suggest that some theropods may have exhibited parental care, similar to modern birds.
Q: Were theropods capable of flight?
A: While not all theropods could fly, some small species, like Microraptor, had well-developed feathered wings and may have been capable of limited flight.
Q: How fast could theropods run?
A: Various theropods had different running speeds, but estimates range from around 15 to 40 miles per hour.
Q: Did theropods have unique features like claws or crests?
A: Yes, many theropods had unique features, such as sharp claws used for hunting and crests on their heads for display purposes.
Q: Did theropods have any natural predators?
A: As apex predators, adult theropods likely had few natural predators, although juveniles may have been vulnerable to larger carnivorous dinosaurs.
Hi there! I’m Morgan Gutierrez, and I love animals! I work as a Seasonal Animal Care Specialist at Brookfield Zoo and also teach people about animals, which is super fun. I studied at Valparaiso University in Lockport, Illinois, where I learned even more about these amazing creatures.
I’m not just about taking care of animals; I write articles about them, too! I explore and share many interesting animal stories, from cute kittens to giant elephants.
In the past, I’ve worked with veterinarians, helped with research, and even been an Animal Ambassador, bringing animals closer to people. Animals are my passion, and I enjoy helping others learn about them. So, if you ever want to know about animals, feel free to ask. I’ll explain it in a way that’s easy to understand, just like talking to a friend!
