Transylvanian Hound: History, Facts, Size, Habitat, Classification & Much More

By Morgan Gutierrez

The Transylvanian Hound is a magnificent breed of dog that has a rich history and fascinating facts. With its origins dating back centuries, this hound has become an important part of the animal kingdom. Known for its large size and remarkable hunting skills, the Transylvanian Hound is an impressive creature that captures the attention of animal enthusiasts worldwide.

This breed is believed to have originated in the region of Transylvania, which is located in modern-day Romania. Historically, Transylvanian Hounds were used for hunting and tracking game such as boars, bears, and deer. With their keen sense of smell and remarkable speed, these hounds were the perfect companions for hunters in the dense forests of Eastern Europe.

The Transylvanian Hound is a medium to large-sized dog, typically weighing between 66 to 77 pounds and standing at a height of around 18 to 25 inches. Their powerful build, combined with their sharp senses, makes them well-suited for outdoor activities and hunting. These hounds have a distinctive appearance characterized by their short and dense coat, which comes in various colors such as black, tan, and fawn.

In this blog post, we will delve into the history, facts, size, habitat, and classification of the Transylvanian Hound. We aim to explore the unique characteristics and traits that make this breed such a remarkable addition to the vast array of animal species. Stay tuned to learn more about this extraordinary creature and enrich your knowledge of the animal kingdom.

Please note: This blog post is part of our extensive collection featuring articles on over 155+ different animal species. If you’re curious about other fascinating creatures, don’t hesitate to explore our other articles to enhance your understanding of the diverse world of animals.

History of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound is a breed of dog that has a long history dating back to ancient times. It is believed to have originated in Hungary, specifically in the region of Transylvania. This breed was primarily used for hunting, especially for tracking and scenting game such as deer and boar. The Transylvanian Hound is known for its excellent sense of smell and its ability to work independently in the field.

Throughout history, the Transylvanian Hound played a crucial role in helping hunters track down their prey. Due to its strong hunting instincts and determination, it became a popular choice for Hungarian hunters. The breed’s intelligence and agility made it well-suited for chasing and cornering game, making it a valuable asset in the hunting community.

Over time, the Transylvanian Hound gained recognition beyond its native regions and became more widely known internationally. Its distinctive appearance, with its muscular build and short, dense coat, made it easily distinguishable from other hunting breeds. Despite its popularity, the Transylvanian Hound remains relatively rare outside of Hungary, where it continues to be prized for its exceptional hunting abilities.

In conclusion, the Transylvanian Hound is an ancient breed of dog that has a rich history rooted in Hungary. Its role as a hunting dog has allowed it to develop unique skills and characteristics, making it a cherished breed among hunters. Its loyalty, intelligence, and strong sense of smell have made it an exceptional companion in the field. Although rare outside of Hungary, the Transylvanian Hound continues to play a vital role in the lives of hunters who value its exceptional abilities.

Importance of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound is a special animal that plays an important role in our world. They are known for being loyal, intelligent, and great hunters. These qualities make them valuable companions and working dogs.

One reason the Transylvanian Hound is important is because they have a strong sense of smell. This makes them excellent hunters, able to track down animals and help their human partners in hunting expeditions. They have the ability to follow scents for long distances, and their incredible determination and focus make them highly effective in finding their targets.

Another reason why the Transylvanian Hound is important is because of their loyalty and intelligence. They are highly trainable and can be taught various tasks and commands. Their loyalty makes them dedicated and devoted to their owners, making them excellent companions and family pets.

In addition, the Transylvanian Hound has a beautiful, unique appearance which adds to their importance. They have a sleek and muscular body with large, expressive eyes. Their coat is glossy and thick, providing protection in various weather conditions.

In conclusion, the Transylvanian Hound is an important animal due to its hunting abilities, loyalty, intelligence, and unique appearance. They are valuable companions and working dogs that contribute positively to our world.

Amazing Facts About Transylvanian Hound

1. The Transylvanian Hound is a medium-sized dog breed known for its hunting skills and endurance.
2. This breed originated in Hungary, specifically in the region of Transylvania.
3. Also called the Erdélyi Kopó in Hungarian, the Transylvanian Hound was historically used for tracking and hunting big game, such as boar and bear.
4. Transylvanian Hounds have a distinctive appearance, characterized by a well-muscled body, a strong neck, and a broad head with a long muzzle.
5. They have medium-sized, dark brown eyes that portray a gentle and intelligent expression.
6. The breed has a short, dense coat that consists of a black or dark brown base color with tan markings on their muzzle, chest, and legs.
7. Transylvanian Hounds are highly energetic and require regular exercise and mental stimulation to keep them happy and healthy.
8. While they are primarily hunting dogs, they can also make excellent family pets if provided with proper training and socialization from a young age.
9. Despite their size, Transylvanian Hounds are known to be gentle and affectionate towards their families, including children.
10. They possess a keen sense of smell, which makes them highly skilled at tracking scents and following trails.
11. This breed is known for its courageous nature, fearlessness, and ability to work independently for hours.
12. Due to their hunting background, Transylvanian Hounds may have a high prey drive and may not be suitable for households with small pets like rabbits or birds.
13. These dogs are intelligent and can be trained to perform various tasks, including obedience, agility, and even search and rescue work.
14. Transylvanian Hounds thrive in active households where they can participate in regular outdoor activities like hiking, running, or playing games of fetch.
15. Overall, Transylvanian Hounds are loyal, versatile, and hardworking dogs that excel in both hunting and family environments with the right care and training.

Can we keep Transylvanian Hound as our Pet?

The Transylvanian Hound is a breed of dog that has its roots in Hungary. It is known for its strong and agile nature, making it a great hunting companion. However, it is not suitable to keep this animal as a pet. The Transylvanian Hound is an extinct breed, which means that it no longer exists in our world today.

In the past, the Transylvanian Hound was widely used for hunting purposes. Unfortunately, due to various reasons such as changes in hunting practices and interbreeding with other dog breeds, the population of Transylvanian Hounds declined over time. Eventually, there were no more of these hounds left, leading to their extinction.

This means that we cannot keep a Transylvanian Hound as a pet because they simply do not exist anymore. It is important to respect and protect the biodiversity of our planet. While we can learn about and admire extinct animals from the past, it is not possible to have them as pets. Instead, we should focus on preserving the remaining species that we have today and ensuring their well-being.

In conclusion, the Transylvanian Hound is an extinct breed that cannot be kept as a pet. Its population declined over time, eventually leading to its disappearance. While it is sad to see some animals vanish from our world, we must remember the importance of preserving the species that still exist. Let us appreciate the diversity of life that surrounds us and work together to protect it.

Size of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound is a medium-sized dog breed that comes from Transylvania, a region in the country of Romania. These dogs are known for their strong and athletic build. On average, a male Transylvanian Hound can reach a height of 23 to 26 inches (about 58 to 66 centimeters) at the shoulder, while females are slightly smaller, usually standing at around 22 to 24 inches (about 56 to 61 centimeters) in height.

In terms of weight, these hounds are quite sturdy. Males typically weigh between 66 to 77 pounds (about 30 to 35 kilograms), while females usually weigh around 55 to 66 pounds (about 25 to 30 kilograms). Their muscular bodies are well-proportioned, giving them a balanced appearance.

Despite being medium-sized, the Transylvanian Hound is known for its agility and endurance. They have a strong and athletic frame, enabling them to run and jump with ease. These hounds were originally bred for hunting, which required them to cover long distances, making their stamina a valuable trait.

In summary, the Transylvanian Hound is a medium-sized dog breed originating from Transylvania, Romania. They usually measure between 22 to 26 inches in height and weigh around 55 to 77 pounds. Their strong and athletic build makes them excellent hunting dogs with good endurance and agility.

Habitat of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound animal is found in the beautiful region of Transylvania, which is located in the heart of Romania. This region is famous for its picturesque landscapes, surrounded by the Carpathian Mountains. The habitat of the Transylvanian Hound is mainly composed of dense forests, rolling hills, and vast meadows. These areas provide the perfect environment for this breed to roam and explore.

In the forests, the Transylvanian Hound can be seen running and chasing after small animals like rabbits or squirrels. They are known for their exceptional tracking skills, which they use to hunt down prey with great precision. The dense vegetation of the forests offers them plenty of hideouts where they can search for their targets and surprise them with their sharp senses.

The rolling hills and vast meadows are ideal for the Transylvanian Hound to stretch their legs and enjoy long walks or runs. They love to explore every corner of these natural landscapes, sniffing and investigating every scent they come across. The openness of the meadows allows them to use their keen eyesight to spot any potential danger from a distance.

Overall, the habitat of the Transylvanian Hound in Transylvania provides them with the perfect mix of forests, hills, and meadows. These natural surroundings offer them not only a place to live but also an opportunity to thrive and showcase their hunting abilities. It is truly a remarkable place for this unique breed to call home.

Evolution of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound is a fascinating breed of dog with a rich evolutionary history. It is believed to have descended from ancient hunting dogs that lived in the mountainous regions of modern-day Transylvania, a region in present-day Romania. Over time, these dogs adapted and evolved to thrive in the challenging terrain and climate of the area.

In the early stages of their evolution, these dogs were the companions of the indigenous people who inhabited the Transylvanian region. They were highly valued for their hunting abilities, particularly their keen sense of smell and excellent tracking skills. These traits made them ideal for hunting various game, such as boar, deer, and even wolves.

As centuries passed, the Transylvanian Hound continued to develop and refine its attributes. The breed’s physical characteristics gradually emerged, with its robust body, well-muscled structure, and medium size. These qualities enabled them to navigate through the rugged landscapes of Transylvania, displaying agility and endurance throughout their hunting expeditions.

Today, the Transylvanian Hound remains a cherished breed, not only for its hunting prowess but also for its loyal and friendly nature. These dogs have become popular companions and family pets, highly regarded for their affectionate and protective traits. Despite their ancient origins, their evolution has ultimately led them to become beloved members of households around the world.

Classification of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound is a special type of dog that comes from a region in Romania called Transylvania. It is known for its strong and muscular body, with a deep chest and a broad head. It has a medium-sized tail that often stands upright, and its short and dense coat comes in various colors such as black, tan, and sometimes white. This beautiful dog is classified as a member of the hound group in the dog world.

One of the key features of the Transylvanian Hound is its excellent sense of smell. This makes it a great hunting dog, especially for tracking and chasing game animals like wolves and bears. It is also known for its endurance and agility, allowing it to move quickly and smoothly through various terrains. This athletic ability makes it a good companion for activities like hiking or going for long walks.

The Transylvanian Hound is a loyal and friendly dog that gets along well with its family members, including children. It is a good choice for an active and outdoorsy family as it enjoys being involved in physical activities. However, it requires regular exercise to keep it physically and mentally stimulated, otherwise, it may become bored and develop unwanted behaviors. Overall, the Transylvanian Hound is a wonderful breed of dog that offers companionship, strength, and loyalty to its owners.

Types of Transylvanian Hound

1. Black and Tan: The most popular type of Transylvanian Hound is the Black and Tan variety, which has a glossy black coat with tan markings on the face, chest, and legs. This distinctive coloration makes them easily recognizable and sought-after.
2. Tricolor: Another widely recognized type is the Tricolor Transylvanian Hound. These dogs have a predominantly black coat with tan and white markings, giving them a unique and striking appearance.
3. Brindle: Brindle Transylvanian Hounds are popular due to their distinctive coat pattern. Their base color is usually black, with streaks or patches of a darker color such as brown, creating a beautiful and eye-catching brindle pattern.
4. Saddle: The Saddle Transylvanian Hound is named after its coat pattern, which resembles a saddle-like marking on the back. These dogs have a solid base color, usually black, with tan markings forming the saddle shape on their back.
5. White Markings: This type of Transylvanian Hound has a primarily black coat but with white markings on the face, chest, paws, and tip of the tail. These white patches add a touch of distinction and elegance to their appearance.
6. Tan Markings: The Tan Markings Transylvanian Hound has a predominantly black coat with prominent tan markings on the face, chest, and legs. These tan patches give them a unique and appealing look.
7. Speckled: Speckled Transylvanian Hounds have a black coat with random spots or speckles of white spread across their body. This coat pattern adds charm and character to their appearance.
8. Dark Mask: This type of Transylvanian Hound has a black or dark-colored mask, covering a significant portion of their face. The mask may extend from the muzzle up to the forehead, giving them an intense and expressive facial expression.
9. White Chest: Transylvanian Hounds with a White Chest have a black coat but with a distinctive patch of white fur on their chest. This white marking adds contrast and attractiveness to their appearance.
10. Red: The Red Transylvanian Hound is a variety with a reddish or chestnut-brown coat. Although less common, these dogs are appreciated for their unique and striking coloration, which sets them apart from the more typical black and tan varieties.

Geographical Presence of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound animal is found in the region of Transylvania, which is located in the central part of Romania. Transylvania is known for its picturesque landscapes, including dense forests and mountains, making it an ideal habitat for this breed of dog. These hounds have been bred in the region for hundreds of years and are well-suited to the local environment.

However, Transylvanian Hounds are not found in other regions of the world. They are a unique and specific breed that is native to Transylvania. This means that if you were to travel outside of Romania, you would not come across these particular dogs. They are special to their homeland and are a beloved part of Transylvanian culture.

In summary, the Transylvanian Hound animal is found in the region of Transylvania in Romania. This breed of dog is well-adapted to the local environment and has been bred in Transylvania for many years. However, you would not find Transylvanian Hounds in other regions of the world as they are unique to their homeland.

Scientific Name of Transylvanian Hound

The scientific name of the Transylvanian Hound animal is Canis familiaris, which belongs to the Canidae family. This breed of dog is known for its hunting skills and loyalty towards its owners.

The Transylvanian Hound is a medium to large-sized dog, with a muscular build and a sleek coat. They have a distinctive black and tan coloration, which helps them blend well in various terrains. These dogs have a strong sense of smell and excellent tracking abilities, which makes them great hunters for game like boar and deer.

They are also known for being intelligent and obedient, making them easy to train. The Transylvanian Hound is an active and energetic breed that requires regular exercise to keep them happy and healthy. They are often used in search and rescue missions due to their agility and endurance.

In conclusion, the Transylvanian Hound, scientifically known as Canis familiaris, is a versatile and talented breed of dog known for its hunting abilities and loyalty. They are known for their black and tan coloration, intelligence, and excellent sense of smell. With proper training and exercise, they can make excellent companions for active individuals or families.

Diet of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound is a remarkable animal that requires a healthy diet to stay strong and energetic. Their diet consists of a balanced mix of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals to provide them with all the necessary nutrients they need. High-quality dog food or raw food is a good choice for this breed.

Proteins play a crucial role in the diet of a Transylvanian Hound as they help in the growth and repair of their muscles. Lean meats like chicken, turkey, and beef are excellent sources of protein that can be included in their daily meals. Additionally, eggs and fish can also be given to provide them with essential amino acids.

Carbohydrates in the form of grains and vegetables are an important energy source for these active dogs. Brown rice, oats, and sweet potatoes can be included in their diet to provide them with sustained energy throughout the day. Vegetables like carrots, broccoli, and green beans should be added to their meals to supply vitamins and minerals to keep them healthy.

Fats are also essential for a Transylvanian Hound’s diet as they provide them with a concentrated source of energy. However, it is important to choose healthy fats like fish oil or flaxseed oil, as these contain omega-3 fatty acids that support a healthy coat and overall well-being. It is vital to remember that treats should be given in moderation to avoid weight gain and to maintain their ideal body condition.

In conclusion, providing a balanced diet with the right mix of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals is crucial for the health and well-being of a Transylvanian Hound. A nutritious diet will keep them strong, active, and happy throughout their lives.

Locomotion of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound is a strong and agile animal that moves in a certain way called locomotion. Locomotion is how animals move from one place to another. The Transylvanian Hound moves by using all four of its legs, which makes it a quadruped. It walks by moving its legs in a coordinated manner, with the front legs moving together and the back legs moving together. This helps the hound to maintain its balance while moving.

When the Transylvanian Hound wants to move faster, it begins to run. Running is similar to walking, but it is faster and requires more energy. The hound’s legs move very quickly while running, with the front legs stretching out in front and the back legs pushing off the ground forcefully. This allows the hound to cover more distance in less time. The Transylvanian Hound is known for its skillful locomotion, which helps it to chase after prey or play games with its human companions.

Social and Sexual Behaviour of Transylvanian Hound

The social and sexual behavior of the Transylvanian Hound animal is fascinating. They are known for their strong pack instinct and are considered to be very social animals. These hounds tend to live in groups called packs, which usually consist of a dominant male, a dominant female, and their offspring. Within the pack, each member has a specific role and hierarchy. The dominant male and female lead and make most of the decisions, while the younger dogs learn from them and follow their guidance.

When it comes to sexual behavior, Transylvanian Hounds usually mate during a specific season called the estrus period. During this time, the female hound becomes fertile, and the male hounds detect this through their sense of smell. They compete with each other to win the female’s attention, often displaying aggressive behavior towards one another. Eventually, the dominant male claims the right to mate with the female, ensuring the continuation of their pack’s lineage.

In summary, the Transylvanian Hound animal is highly social and lives in packs led by a dominant male and female. They have a clear hierarchy within the pack, with the dominant pair making most of the decisions. During mating season, the male hounds compete to mate with the female. This complex social and sexual behavior is an important aspect of their lives and ensures the survival of their pack.

Reproduction and Lifecycle of Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound, like other animals, goes through a process called reproduction to create new puppies. This is an important part of their life cycle. Reproduction in Transylvanian Hounds occurs when a male and female dog mate. The male dog has special cells called sperm, while the female has special cells called eggs. When the two dogs mate, the sperm from the male goes into the female and fertilizes the egg. This starts the process of creating new puppies.

After the egg is fertilized, it starts growing inside the female dog’s womb. This is like a cozy, warm home for the developing puppies. The puppies continue to grow inside the womb for about 60 to 65 days. During this time, the mother dog takes good care of the puppies by providing them with all the nutrients they need. The mother’s body provides them with food and oxygen through a special tube called the umbilical cord. This cord connects the puppies to their mother’s body until they are ready to be born.

Once the puppies are fully developed, they are ready to come into the world. This is called birth or delivery. The mother dog goes into labor, which means she starts having contractions or strong muscle movements in her womb. These contractions push the puppies out through a special canal called the birth canal. The mother dog usually gives birth to a litter of puppies at once. Once the puppies are born, they rely on their mother for food and protection until they are old enough to take care of themselves.

Threats to Transylvanian Hound

The Transylvanian Hound is facing several threats that are endangering its survival. One of the main threats is habitat loss. As humans continue to expand their cities and build infrastructure, the natural habitats of these hounds are being destroyed. This means that there are fewer places for them to live and find food, causing their population to decline.

Another threat to the Transylvanian Hound is poaching. Some people hunt these hounds for their fur or body parts, which they believe have special properties. This cruel practice not only harms the hounds but also disrupts the balance of their ecosystem. If poaching continues unchecked, it could seriously harm the population of Transylvanian Hounds, and even push them towards extinction.

Lastly, climate change poses a significant threat to these hounds. The changing climate affects their natural environment, making it harder for them to adapt and survive. Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events can all impact the availability of food and reduce the hounds’ chances of survival. It is crucial for humans to take action and address climate change to protect the Transylvanian Hound and other species from its harmful effects.

In conclusion, the Transylvanian Hound is facing threats such as habitat loss, poaching, and climate change. These challenges jeopardize the survival of these hounds and push them towards extinction. It is important for humans to recognize these threats and take measures to protect the Transylvanian Hound and its natural habitat for future generations to enjoy.

Population of Transylvanian Hound

The population of the Transylvanian Hound animal is believed to be quite small. It is assumed that there are only a few hundred individuals left in the world. This breed of hound originated in Transylvania, a region in Romania. It was traditionally used for hunting large game, such as bears and boars. However, due to changes in hunting practices and a decline in the need for such activities, the population of the Transylvanian Hound has decreased over time.

Unfortunately, if the animal is considered extinct, it means that all individuals of this species have died and there are none left in the world. Extinction can occur for various reasons, such as habitat loss, hunting, or disease. It is sad to think that a species that was once alive no longer exists, and it serves as a reminder of the importance of conservation efforts to protect other vulnerable animals from suffering the same fate.

The Transylvanian Hound, with its distinctive appearance and hunting abilities, is a unique breed that may face challenges in the future. It is crucial to raise awareness about endangered animals and take action to preserve their habitats and protect their populations so that they can continue to live and thrive in the wild.

Conclusion

In this blogpost, we have explored the fascinating Transylvanian Hound—their history, facts, size, habitat, and classification. The Transylvanian Hound is a unique and ancient breed that is known for its hunting skills and its loyal and friendly nature.

Firstly, we learned about the history of the Transylvanian Hound, which dates back hundreds of years. They were originally bred in Hungary and are named after the Transylvania region. Throughout history, these dogs have been used for hunting various animals, including bears, boars, and wolves. Their intelligence and agility make them excellent hunters.

Next, we discovered some interesting facts about the Transylvanian Hound. They have a distinctive appearance with their short coats, black and tan coloring, and floppy ears. These dogs are medium-sized and have a muscular build, which makes them strong and capable of enduring challenging terrains. Additionally, they are known for their friendly and gentle nature, making them great companions for families and children.

Lastly, we discussed the size and habitat of the Transylvanian Hound. They are medium-sized dogs, weighing between 66 and 77 pounds and standing at a height of around 23 to 26 inches. Although they were originally bred for hunting in hilly and forested areas, they can adapt well to living in suburban or rural environments. However, they still require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy.

In conclusion, the Transylvanian Hound is a remarkable breed with a rich history and notable characteristics. These dogs have proven their value as skilled hunters and loyal companions. Whether it’s their strength and agility, friendly nature, or ability to adapt to different environments, the Transylvanian Hound is truly a remarkable animal.

Frequently Asked Questions about Transylvanian Hound (FAQ’s)

Q: What is a Transylvanian Hound?
A: The Transylvanian Hound is a medium-sized dog breed that originated in Hungary, specifically in the region of Transylvania.

Q: What does the Transylvanian Hound look like?
A: They have a muscular build with a sleek, short coat that usually comes in shades of black and tan.

Q: How big do Transylvanian Hounds get?
A: Adult Transylvanian Hounds typically reach a height of about 20 to 26 inches (50 to 66 cm) and weigh between 66 to 77 pounds (30 to 35 kg).

Q: Are Transylvanian Hounds good with children?
A: Yes, Transylvanian Hounds are known to be good with children, as they are typically friendly, loyal, and protective.

Q: How much exercise does a Transylvanian Hound need?
A: Transylvanian Hounds are an active breed that requires at least one to two hours of exercise daily to stay happy and healthy.

Q: Are Transylvanian Hounds easy to train?
A: Yes, Transylvanian Hounds are intelligent and eager to please, which makes them generally easy to train.

Q: Do Transylvanian Hounds shed a lot?
A: Yes, Transylvanian Hounds do shed moderately, so regular grooming is necessary to maintain their coat and minimize loose hair around the house.

Q: Are Transylvanian Hounds good watchdogs?
A: Yes, Transylvanian Hounds have a keen sense of hearing and are naturally protective, which makes them good watchdogs.

Q: Are Transylvanian Hounds suitable for apartment living?
A: No, Transylvanian Hounds are an active breed that requires ample space to roam and play. They are better suited for houses with yards.

Q: Are Transylvanian Hounds prone to any health issues?
A: Generally, Transylvanian Hounds are a healthy breed; however, they may be prone to certain conditions like hip dysplasia or ear infections.

Q: Are Transylvanian Hounds good for first-time dog owners?
A: Transylvanian Hounds are better suited for experienced dog owners or those who are willing to dedicate time to their training and exercise needs.

Q: How long do Transylvanian Hounds usually live?
A: On average, Transylvanian Hounds have a lifespan of about 10 to 12 years.

Q: Do Transylvanian Hounds get along well with other pets?
A: Transylvanian Hounds can coexist well with other pets, particularly if they are socialized from a young age.

Q: Are Transylvanian Hounds prone to excessive barking?
A: Transylvanian Hounds are known for their vocal nature and tendency to bark, especially when they perceive a threat or are bored.

Q: Are Transylvanian Hounds suitable for active individuals or families?
A: Yes, Transylvanian Hounds thrive in homes with active people or families who can provide them with plenty of exercise and mental stimulation.

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