Western Lowland Gorilla: History, Facts, Size, Habitat, Classification & Much More

By Morgan Gutierrez

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a fascinating animal that has captured the attention of people for centuries. This incredible creature is one of the four subspecies of gorillas and is found in the dense rainforests of central Africa. With a history dating back millions of years, the Western Lowland Gorilla has managed to survive and thrive in its natural habitat despite various challenges.

Let’s delve into some interesting facts about the Western Lowland Gorilla. Firstly, these gentle giants can grow to be quite large, with males weighing up to 400 pounds and standing at a height of up to 5.5 feet when on all fours. Their size and strength make them one of the strongest land animals. Secondly, their habitat consists of dense tropical rainforests, where they create nests in trees to sleep and rest. Although they primarily eat fruits, leaves, and stems, they are known to have an omnivorous diet, occasionally consuming small insects and even small vertebrates.

In terms of classification, the Western Lowland Gorilla belongs to the family Hominidae, genus Gorilla, and species Gorilla gorilla. They share common ancestry with chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. It is fascinating to see how similar we are to these marvelous creatures, showcasing the intricate web of life on Earth. To learn more about the Western Lowland Gorilla and other amazing animals, make sure to check out our article on 155+ animals’ names, where you can explore the vast diversity of our planet’s wildlife.

History of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a fascinating animal with a rich history. These magnificent creatures have been living on Earth for thousands of years, long before humans even existed. They can be found in the lush rainforests of Central Africa, including countries like Cameroon, Congo, and Equatorial Guinea.

Throughout history, Western Lowland Gorillas have played an important role in the local cultures and folklore of the African people. They have been admired for their strength, intelligence, and close-knit social groups. They are peaceful creatures that live in family units, led by a dominant male known as a silverback.

In recent years, Western Lowland Gorillas have faced many challenges. The loss of their natural habitat due to deforestation and human activities has posed a threat to their survival. Additionally, they have been targeted by hunters for their meat and body parts, leading to a decline in their population.

Efforts are being made by conservation organizations and governments to protect the Western Lowland Gorilla and their habitat. Conservation projects, such as creating national parks and raising awareness about the importance of preserving these majestic animals, are crucial for their survival. By taking action to save the Western Lowland Gorillas, we can ensure that future generations will have the opportunity to witness these incredible creatures in their natural habitat.

Importance of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a very important animal. They play a crucial role in our ecosystem and help keep it balanced. These gorillas help spread seeds, which helps new plants grow and keeps forests healthy. They also eat lots of insects, which helps control their populations and prevent them from becoming too many. This helps maintain the balance in the environment.

The Western Lowland Gorilla is also important for tourism. Many people from all around the world go to see these wonderful creatures in their natural habitats. This helps the economy of the countries where these gorillas live. The money from tourism can be used to protect the gorillas and their habitats, which is essential for their survival.

Moreover, these gorillas are very special and deserve our protection because they are an endangered species. This means there are not many of them left in the world. We should do everything we can to make sure they are safe and their habitats are protected. They are amazing animals and it would be a great loss if we let them disappear forever.

In conclusion, the Western Lowland Gorilla is an important animal for our ecosystem, tourism, and conservation efforts. We must appreciate their importance and work together to protect them.

Amazing Facts About Western Lowland Gorilla

1. Western lowland gorillas are a large species of primates that live in the dense rainforests of Central and West Africa.
2. They are the smallest subspecies of gorillas, typically weighing between 250 and 450 pounds (113 to 204 kilograms).
3. These gorillas have a height of around 4 to 5.6 feet (1.2 to 1.7 meters) when standing upright.
4. Western lowland gorillas have a dark brown or black fur coat that helps them blend into their forest environment.
5. They are primarily herbivores, with their diet consisting of fruits, leaves, stems, and sometimes insects.
6. Gorillas live in social groups called troops that usually include one dominant silverback male, several females, and their offspring.
7. The silverback is the leader and protector of the troop, and they get their name from the silver-colored hair on their backs that develops as they mature.
8. Western lowland gorillas are known for their powerful and muscular bodies, enabling them to move through the forest with ease and in a quadrupedal manner.
9. These gorillas use a variety of vocalizations, including hoots, roars, grunts, and screams, to communicate with each other.
10. They have a highly developed sense of hearing, allowing them to detect sounds from a distance and communicate effectively within their troop.
11. Female gorillas give birth to one baby gorilla after a gestation period of about eight and a half months.
12. Newborn gorillas are incredibly small, weighing only about 4 pounds (1.8 kilograms) and are dependent on their mothers for care and protection.
13. Western lowland gorillas are threatened by habitat destruction caused by deforestation, as well as poaching for bushmeat and the illegal wildlife trade.
14. Conservation efforts, such as protected areas and anti-poaching measures, are being implemented to safeguard the survival of these gorillas.
15. Western lowland gorillas play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their ecosystems by dispersing seeds and promoting forest regeneration through their feeding habits.

Can we keep Western Lowland Gorilla as our Pet?

Keeping a Western Lowland Gorilla as a pet is not possible. It is important to understand that these animals are not meant to be kept as pets in our homes. Western Lowland Gorillas are very strong and intelligent creatures, and they are better off living in their natural habitats.

Western Lowland Gorillas are sadly facing extinction. Due to factors such as hunting, habitat loss, and diseases, their numbers have drastically decreased in recent years. Poaching has also played a significant role in their decline, as many people try to capture and sell these animals illegally. It is a tragedy that Western Lowland Gorillas are disappearing from our planet.

Keeping Western Lowland Gorillas as pets is not only illegal but also harmful to these animals. They require vast spaces to roam and live freely, and captivity can cause them great physical and psychological distress. By attempting to keep them as pets, we are denying them the opportunity to live their lives to the fullest in their natural habitats.

In conclusion, it is not possible or ethical to keep Western Lowland Gorillas as pets. These magnificent creatures are currently facing extinction, and it is our responsibility to protect and preserve them. Let us appreciate and admire them from a distance, allowing them to remain in their natural environments where they can thrive and be free.

Size of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a magnificent animal that can be quite large in size. These gorillas are the smallest subspecies of gorillas and can grow to be around 5 to 6 feet tall when standing upright on two legs. However, most of the time they move around on all fours, using their arms and knuckles. They have a strong and muscular build, with males weighing between 300 and 400 pounds, while females are slightly smaller, weighing between 150 and 200 pounds.

One unique characteristic of Western Lowland Gorillas is their impressive arm span. With arms that are longer than their bodies, they can reach up to 8 feet across. This helps them move swiftly through the dense forests where they live. Their bodies are covered in thick black or dark brown hair that helps protect them from the elements and keeps them warm in their natural habitat.

Despite their massive size, Western Lowland Gorillas are generally peaceful and non-aggressive creatures. They tend to live in groups called troops, led by one dominant male called a silverback due to the patch of silver-gray hair on his back. The silverback is usually the largest and strongest member of the group. The other members, including females and their offspring, rely on him for protection and guidance.

In conclusion, the Western Lowland Gorilla is a magnificent and large animal. With their impressive height, strong build, and long arms, they are well-adapted to their forest habitat. Despite their size, they are generally peaceful creatures living in groups led by a dominant male. These amazing animals remind us of the incredible diversity of life found in our world.

Habitat of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a magnificent animal that lives in the dense rainforests of central Africa. These gorillas are found in countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo. They prefer to live in lowland areas, which are closer to the ground and offer them easy access to a variety of plants for food.

The habitat of the Western Lowland Gorilla is characterized by thick vegetation, tall trees, and abundant rainfall. These gorillas spend most of their time on the ground but are also skilled climbers. They build their nests by snapping branches and bending them into a circular shape, providing them shelter and safety during resting periods.

In their habitat, Western Lowland Gorillas have to deal with various challenges to survive. The rainforest provides them a steady supply of food, such as fruits, leaves, and bark. However, due to deforestation and poaching, their homes are under threat. Illegal hunting and diseases can also harm these gorillas, making it important for humans to protect and preserve their environment to ensure their survival.

In conclusion, the Western Lowland Gorilla lives in the dense rainforests of central Africa, preferring lowland areas that are closer to the ground. Their habitat is characterized by thick vegetation, tall trees, and abundant rainfall. However, deforestation, poaching, and diseases pose significant challenges to their survival. It is crucial for us to protect their habitat to ensure the well-being of these incredible animals.

Evolution of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a magnificent creature that has undergone an interesting evolution. Millions of years ago, its ancestors roamed the Earth as early primates. Over time, they evolved and adapted to the changing environment, eventually leading to the development of Western Lowland Gorillas as we know them today.

The evolutionary journey of the Western Lowland Gorilla began when its ancestors diverged from other primate species. They started to develop unique traits that allowed them to survive in their specific habitat. As time went on, these early primates continued evolving and formed different species.

During the evolution of Western Lowland Gorillas, several factors influenced their development. Changes in the environment and natural selection played crucial roles in shaping their characteristics and behavior. Gorillas gradually adapted to living in forests, which led to their larger size, strength, and the ability to climb trees. They also developed strong social structures and complex communication skills to thrive in their communities.

Today, Western Lowland Gorillas remain closely connected to their evolutionary past. Their physicality and behaviors have been shaped by countless generations that came before them. By studying their evolution, we gain a deeper understanding of these remarkable animals and the importance of preserving their habitats for future generations to appreciate and learn from.

Classification of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a species of animal that belongs to the primate family. It is one of four subspecies of gorillas, which are very large and powerful primates. Gorillas are part of the great ape group, which also includes orangutans, chimpanzees, and bonobos. They are native to the rainforests of Central Africa.

The Western Lowland Gorilla is classified as Gorilla gorilla gorilla, with the first part of the name representing the genus and the second part representing the species. They are further classified into the Hominidae family, which includes other great apes and humans. Gorillas are also known as mammals because they give birth to live young and nurse them with milk.

Western Lowland Gorillas have distinct characteristics that set them apart from other primates. They are large in size, with males weighing up to 400 pounds. They have a muscular build and can stand upright on their two feet, although they usually move around on all fours. Gorillas have long arms and strong hands, which they use for climbing, foraging, and social interactions. They have a coat of dark hair that helps protect them from the elements and gives them a unique look.

In conclusion, the Western Lowland Gorilla is a fascinating animal that belongs to the primate family. It is distinguished by its size, strength, and physical features. By understanding its classification and characteristics, we can appreciate the importance of conserving and protecting this incredible species.

Types of Western Lowland Gorilla

1. Western lowland gorillas are strong and powerful animals, typically weighing between 300-400 pounds. They have a muscular build and are known for their immense strength, which allows them to effortlessly navigate their forest habitat.

2. These gorillas have dark black hair that covers their entire body, providing protection against the elements and camouflage within the dense vegetation of the forest. It also helps them regulate their body temperature in their warm environment.

3. Western lowland gorillas possess a broad chest and long arms, which assist in their ability to move through the forest by swinging from branch to branch. This form of locomotion, known as brachiation, enables them to swiftly cover ground and reach food sources.

4. Their large head and distinctively shaped face are adorned with a sagittal crest, a bony ridge on top of their skull. This crest helps to anchor their strong jaw muscles, allowing them to easily chew on tough vegetation and other food sources.

5. With their impressive physical attributes, these gorillas are herbivores, primarily consuming leaves, fruits, stems, and shoots. Their diet consists mainly of plants, but they sometimes eat insects or even small animals when given the opportunity.

6. Western lowland gorillas are social animals and live in groups called troops or bands. These groups typically consist of one dominant male, several females, and their offspring. The dominant male protects the group and has the privilege of mating with the females.

7. Communication is essential among gorillas, and they have various methods to convey messages. They use vocalizations such as hoots, barks, and screams to communicate within their troop. Additionally, they employ body language, facial expressions, and gestures to convey emotions or establish dominance.

8. Breeding in gorilla groups is seasonal, with a female being receptive to mating for a short period each month. Gestation lasts around 8.5 months, after which the female gives birth to a single infant. This infant relies on its mother for nourishment and protection for several years.

9. Gorillas create nests on the ground or in trees to rest and sleep. These nests are constructed using vegetation, such as branches and leaves, and are essential for providing comfort and security during their slumber.

10. Western lowland gorillas play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their forest ecosystem. As they move through the forest, they disperse seeds of various plants, promoting the growth and biodiversity of the forest. Their presence and behavior contribute to the overall health and stability of their habitat.

Geographical Presence of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a remarkable animal that is found in the central and western regions of Africa. Specifically, they are mostly spotted in countries such as Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Congo, and Gabon. These regions provide the perfect habitat for the Western Lowland Gorilla, as they inhabit dense forests and swamps.

Although the Western Lowland Gorilla is prevalent in many parts of Africa, there are certain areas where they are not found. These include countries like Nigeria, Mali, Chad, and Sudan, which are located in the northern region of the continent. The Western Lowland Gorilla thrives in areas with an abundance of vegetation and rainforests, which are not typically found in these regions.

It is essential to protect and preserve the habitats where the Western Lowland Gorillas are found. Deforestation, illegal hunting, and diseases pose significant threats to their population. Conservation efforts must be put in place to ensure the survival of these magnificent creatures. By raising awareness about the importance of their habitats and enforcing laws against poaching and deforestation, we can help safeguard the Western Lowland Gorilla population and maintain the balance of ecosystems they inhabit.

Scientific Name of Western Lowland Gorilla

The scientific name of the Western Lowland Gorilla is Gorilla gorilla gorilla. This name may sound a bit repetitive, but it’s actually a way for scientists to classify and distinguish different types of gorillas. The first part, Gorilla, refers to the genus to which all gorillas belong. It is followed by the species name, gorilla, and finally, the subspecies name, gorilla. So, when we say Gorilla gorilla gorilla, we know we’re talking specifically about the Western Lowland Gorilla.

These magnificent creatures are native to the central and western parts of Africa, mainly dwelling in the dense rainforests and swampy areas. They are the smallest of the four gorilla subspecies and have shorter hair compared to their relatives. Western Lowland Gorillas are known for their powerful built and impressive strength.

Sadly, Western Lowland Gorillas face numerous threats in their natural habitat. Habitat loss due to deforestation, illegal hunting, and diseases are some of the major challenges they encounter. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these amazing animals and ensure their survival for future generations.

Diet of Western Lowland Gorilla

The diet of the Western Lowland Gorilla mostly consists of plants. These gorillas are herbivores, which means they eat only vegetation and do not eat meat. They have a vegetarian lifestyle! They munch on leaves, fruits, stems, and even bamboo shoots. Yummy!

These gorillas are not very picky eaters and their diet can vary depending on what is available in their habitat. They are known to eat more than 200 different types of plants. Some of their favorite foods include wild celery, nettles, thistles, and tree bark. They also enjoy seasonal fruits like figs and berries. It sounds like they have quite a tasty menu!

Gorillas have a special way of eating. They use their strong jaws and sharp teeth to tear apart plants. They also have a large belly to digest their food properly. Sometimes, they will even eat their own poop to get the most nutrients out of the plants they have eaten before. Gross, right? But for gorillas, it is an important process called “coprophagy.” It helps them absorb more nutrients which keeps them healthy and strong.

All in all, the Western Lowland Gorilla’s diet is made up of plants like leaves, fruits, stems, and bark. They enjoy a variety of vegetation and are not very picky. Along with their unique eating habits, they have adapted to survive and thrive in their natural habitat. These amazing gorillas show us just how different animals can be, even when it comes to what they eat!

Locomotion of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a big and powerful animal that moves in a unique way. They usually move by walking on their four legs, just like humans do. However, they can also walk on two legs, which is called “bipedal walking.” This means that they can stand up straight and use their two back legs to move around. It’s quite fascinating to see them walk like this!

When a Western Lowland Gorilla wants to move quickly, they use a method called “knuckle-walking.” This means they walk on their knuckles, with their fingers curled up. It might sound strange, but it actually helps them move faster and maintain balance. They have long arms, which helps them swing from branch to branch in a movement known as “brachiation.” It’s like they are the kings and queens of the jungle, effortlessly moving about!

In summary, the Western Lowland Gorilla has a unique way of moving. They can walk on two legs or four, and even use their knuckles for quick movement. They are truly remarkable creatures to watch in action!

Social and Sexual Behaviour of Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is a fascinating animal with interesting social and sexual behaviors. These gorillas live in groups called troops, led by a dominant adult male called a silverback. The troop usually consists of around 5 to 10 members, including females and their offspring. The silverback protects and leads the troop, making important decisions, like where to find food and where to rest.

In terms of social behavior, Western Lowland Gorillas are highly social creatures. They communicate with each other through a combination of vocalizations, facial expressions, and body postures. These gorillas have a strong social structure, and they often engage in play and grooming activities. Grooming helps them bond with each other and maintain good hygiene by removing dirt and parasites from their fur.

When it comes to sexual behavior, male gorillas compete for the opportunity to mate with females. The dominant silverback in the troop has priority in mating and is usually the father of most of the offspring. However, when a new silverback takes over, he may kill the young infants of the previous leader in order to increase his own chances of mating. This behavior is a way for the new silverback to establish his dominance and ensure his genes are passed on.

In summary, Western Lowland Gorillas are highly social animals that live in troops led by dominant silverbacks. Their social behavior involves communication, grooming, and playing. In terms of sexual behavior, male gorillas compete for the chance to mate with females, and the dominant male is usually the father of most offspring. However, when a new silverback takes over, he may kill the young offspring of the previous leader.

Reproduction and Lifecycle of Western Lowland Gorilla

The western lowland gorilla is a unique animal that goes through a fascinating cycle of life. They reproduce in a special way that helps their species to survive. Gorillas have a long life span and go through different stages as they grow.

The western lowland gorilla reproduces by mating, which means a male and female gorilla come together to have babies. When it is time for the female to have a baby, she will leave her group and find a safe place to give birth. This is because she wants to protect her newborn from any danger. The baby gorilla is very small and helpless when it is born. It stays close to the mother, who takes care of it and feeds it with her milk. As the baby gorilla grows, it begins to eat other food like fruits and leaves.

A western lowland gorilla grows slowly and becomes an adult around the age of 10. At this stage, the gorilla is strong and can take care of itself. The males will start to grow silver hair on their back, which is why they are also called silverbacks. Female gorillas will leave their group to find a mate and have their own babies. Gorillas can live for many years, some even reach the age of 50! Throughout their life cycle, they continue to play an essential role in keeping the balance of their ecosystem and ensuring the survival of their species.

In conclusion, the western lowland gorilla follows a unique life cycle. They reproduce by mating, the females give birth to helpless babies, and they slowly grow into strong adults. This cycle of life helps to ensure the survival of their species for many years to come. These amazing animals are an important part of our natural world and should be protected and respected.

Threats to Western Lowland Gorilla

The Western Lowland Gorilla is facing a number of threats that put its existence at risk. One of the main threats is habitat loss. As humans expand their cities and villages, they cut down the forests where these gorillas live. Without their natural habitat, the gorillas have nowhere to go and their numbers decline rapidly.

Another major threat to the Western Lowland Gorilla is hunting. People hunt gorillas for their meat, which is considered a delicacy in some parts of the world. This illegal hunting, also known as poaching, is a big problem for gorillas because it reduces their population drastically. Additionally, the sale of baby gorillas to be kept as pets or used in entertainment also contributes to their decline.

Diseases are also posing a significant threat to Western Lowland Gorillas. They are vulnerable to catching diseases from humans, such as influenza or Ebola. Once infected, these diseases can spread quickly among gorilla populations, causing illness and death. With the increase in human encroachment into their territory, the chances of disease transmission have become even higher.

In summary, the Western Lowland Gorilla faces multiple threats including habitat loss, hunting, and diseases. These factors have led to a decline in their population. It is crucial that we take immediate action to protect these magnificent animals and their habitat so that they can continue to thrive in the wild and not become extinct. The preservation of the Western Lowland Gorilla is not only important for the species itself but also for the overall balance of our ecosystem.

Population of Western Lowland Gorilla

The population of Western Lowland Gorilla animals is estimated to be around 100,000 individuals. These gorillas can be found in the dense rainforests of Central Africa, specifically in countries like Cameroon, Congo, and Equatorial Guinea.

The Western Lowland Gorilla is the most common subspecies of gorilla and is smaller in size compared to other gorilla species. They have black fur and a muscular body that helps them climb trees and move around their habitat. They primarily feed on plants, fruits, and leaves.

Unfortunately, the Western Lowland Gorilla population is facing threats from habitat destruction, poaching, and diseases. As forests are cleared for agriculture and human settlements, their homes are shrinking. Moreover, they are often hunted for bushmeat or captured for illegal trade. These factors have led to a decline in their population numbers.

If Western Lowland Gorillas become extinct, it would be a tragic loss for the biodiversity of our planet. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of their forest ecosystems by dispersing seeds and promoting growth. Efforts are being made to protect these animals, such as establishing protected areas and raising awareness about their conservation. However, urgent action is needed to ensure the survival of Western Lowland Gorillas for future generations.

Conclusion

In the fascinating world of animals, the Western Lowland Gorilla is a species that captures our attention. With its rich history and unique features, there is much to learn about these incredible creatures.

Western Lowland Gorillas can be found in the dense rainforests of central Africa. Their habitat provides them with abundant food and shelter, allowing them to thrive in their natural environment. These gentle giants are known for their impressive size, with adult males weighing up to 400 pounds. Despite their large size, they are peaceful animals that rely on vegetation for their diet.

Classification-wise, Western Lowland Gorillas belong to the primate family, which includes humans, monkeys, and apes. They are considered endangered, primarily due to habitat loss and poaching. Efforts are being made to protect this magnificent species and ensure their survival for future generations.

In summary, the Western Lowland Gorilla is a captivating animal with a rich history and unique characteristics. Their habitat, size, and classification are all fascinating aspects worth exploring. As we continue to learn about and appreciate these majestic creatures, it is crucial that we work together to protect them and their environment.

Frequently Asked Questions about Western Lowland Gorilla (FAQ’s)

Q1: What is a Western Lowland Gorilla?
A1: A Western Lowland Gorilla is a species of gorilla found in the forests of Central Africa.

Q2: How big are Western Lowland Gorillas?
A2: Adult males can weigh up to 400 pounds and stand about 5 feet 6 inches tall when standing on two legs.

Q3: What do Western Lowland Gorillas eat?
A3: They are herbivores and primarily eat fruits, leaves, stems, and shoots. Occasionally, they also consume termites and ants.

Q4: Where do Western Lowland Gorillas live?
A4: They inhabit the lowland rainforests and swamp forests of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo, and Gabon.

Q5: What is the average lifespan of a Western Lowland Gorilla?
A5: In the wild, they can live for about 35-40 years, while in captivity, they can live up to 50 years or more.

Q6: Are Western Lowland Gorillas endangered?
A6: Yes, they are listed as critically endangered due to habitat loss, illegal hunting, and diseases.

Q7: How many Western Lowland Gorillas are left in the wild?
A7: It is estimated that there are around 100,000 Western Lowland Gorillas remaining in the wild.

Q8: Are Western Lowland Gorillas social animals?
A8: Yes, they live in groups called troops or bands, led by a dominant silverback male and consisting of females and their offspring.

Q9: Can Western Lowland Gorillas use tools?
A9: Yes, they have been observed using sticks as tools to collect ants or termites for food.

Q10: How do Western Lowland Gorillas communicate?
A10: They use various vocalizations, body language, and facial expressions to communicate with other gorillas in their group.

Q11: Do male Western Lowland Gorillas fight for dominance?
A11: Yes, male gorillas engage in displays of strength and aggression to establish dominance within the group.

Q12: Are Western Lowland Gorillas aggressive towards humans?
A12: No, they are generally shy and non-aggressive towards humans unless provoked or threatened.

Q13: Can Western Lowland Gorillas swim?
A13: Yes, they are capable swimmers and may cross rivers or swim for short distances if necessary.

Q14: How many offspring does a Western Lowland Gorilla have at a time?
A14: Females give birth to one offspring every 4-6 years, with a gestation period of about 8.5 months.

Q15: Are Western Lowland Gorillas protected by any conservation organizations?
A15: Yes, various conservation organizations work to protect Western Lowland Gorillas and their habitats through initiatives and partnerships.

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