African Bush Elephant: History, Facts, Size, Habitat, Classification & Much More

By Emily Buono

The African Bush Elephant is one of the most magnificent creatures on Earth. Also known as Loxodonta africana, it is the largest land animal and belongs to the animal family. These gentle giants have a rich and fascinating history that dates back thousands of years. In this blog post, we will explore the history, facts, size, habitat, and classification of the African Bush Elephant.

With a height of up to 13 feet and weighing as much as 6 tons, the African Bush Elephant is truly an impressive sight to behold. Their large size allows them to roam freely in their natural habitat, which primarily includes grasslands, savannahs, and forests. These habitats provide an abundance of food and water for the elephants to thrive.

The classification of the African Bush Elephant falls under the order of Proboscidea. These magnificent animals have been a part of our planet for millions of years. Through ancient cave paintings and historical records, we have discovered the significance of elephants in various cultures and civilizations. Despite facing threats such as poaching and habitat loss, efforts are being made to protect and conserve these magnificent creatures for future generations.

Remember to stay tuned for our upcoming blog posts, where we will delve deeper into the fascinating world of African Bush Elephants. Join us on this journey to learn more about these incredible animals, their behavior, and their crucial role in maintaining the biodiversity of our planet.

History of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant is a remarkable animal that has a long and fascinating history. These magnificent creatures have roamed the African continent for millions of years, playing an essential role in the ecosystem. With their massive size and distinctive features like large ears and long tusks, they have captured the imagination of people around the world.

The history of African bush elephants is intertwined with the history of Africa itself. These elephants have been a part of African culture and traditions for generations, revered and respected by many communities. Their importance goes beyond their physical presence – they are often seen as symbols of power, wisdom, and spirituality.

Unfortunately, the African bush elephant’s history also includes periods of exploitation and danger. In the early 20th century, ivory hunting became a booming industry, driven by the high demand for elephant tusks. This led to a significant decline in the elephant population and raised concerns about their survival. Efforts to protect these animals and ban the ivory trade were eventually implemented, but the impact of poaching can still be felt today.

Despite the challenges they have faced, African bush elephants continue to capture our hearts and inspire conservation efforts. It is crucial for us to understand their history, appreciate their role in the African ecosystem, and work together to ensure their survival for future generations. By valuing and protecting these magnificent creatures, we can contribute to preserving the rich history of the African bush elephant.

Importance of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant is a magnificent and important animal. Its significance lies in its positive impact on the ecosystem, cultural heritage, and tourism industry of Africa.

Firstly, the African bush elephant plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. As the largest land mammals, they contribute to the dispersal of plant seeds, which helps in the growth of various plants and trees. They also create water holes by digging in dry riverbeds, providing essential sources of water for other species during droughts. Moreover, their dung provides essential nutrients for the soil, promoting the fertility of the land and supporting the growth of vegetation.

Secondly, the African bush elephant holds great cultural significance in many African societies. For centuries, these majestic creatures have been revered and celebrated as symbols of wisdom, strength, and spiritual power. They are often featured in traditional folklore, artwork, and rituals, reflecting the deep connections between human communities and the natural world. Preserving the African bush elephant is crucial for safeguarding these cultural traditions and heritage.

Lastly, the African bush elephant boosts the tourism industry in Africa. Many people from around the world visit Africa to witness these magnificent creatures in their natural habitats. This brings economic benefits to local communities through tourism-related activities such as guided safaris, accommodations, and retail businesses. Protecting the African bush elephant ensures the sustainability of these economic opportunities and helps preserve the beauty and biodiversity of African landscapes.

In conclusion, the African bush elephant is an irreplaceable animal that plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem, preserving cultural heritage, and supporting the tourism industry in Africa. It is essential for us to protect and conserve these magnificent creatures for the well-being of our planet and future generations.

Amazing Facts About African Bush Elephant

1. The African bush elephant is the largest land animal in the world.
2. It can weigh up to 12,000 pounds (5,400 kilograms) and grow up to 13 feet (4 meters) tall.
3. The elephant’s skin is gray, rough, and can be up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) thick.
4. African bush elephants have large ears that help to cool their bodies in hot weather.
5. They have long, powerful trunks that they use for breathing, smelling, drinking, and grabbing objects.
6. The trunk of an African bush elephant can be more than 6.5 feet (2 meters) long and can hold up to 8.5 gallons (32 liters) of water.
7. These elephants are highly social animals, living in large family groups called herds. A herd can consist of up to 20 individuals.
8. One of the interesting features of African bush elephants is their tusks, which are elongated incisor teeth. Both males and females can have tusks.
9. The tusks can grow up to 10 feet (3 meters) long and weigh around 100 pounds (45 kilograms) each.
10. African bush elephants are herbivores, meaning they only eat plants. They munch on grasses, leaves, bark, fruits, and roots.
11. Due to their large size, these elephants consume around 300 pounds (136 kilograms) of food daily.
12. They have a thick, muscular tongue that helps them to grab and manipulate their food.
13. African bush elephants have a lifespan of 60 to 70 years in the wild.
14. These elephants are highly intelligent and have excellent memories. They can remember long migration routes and recognize other individuals they have encountered before.
15. Sadly, African bush elephants are considered endangered due to habitat loss, poaching for their ivory tusks, and conflicts with humans. Conservation efforts are essential to protect this majestic species.

Can we keep African Bush Elephant as our Pet?

African Bush Elephants are magnificent creatures that roam freely in the wild. However, it is not appropriate or safe to keep them as pets. These elephants are not suitable for domestication for several reasons.

Firstly, African Bush Elephants are massive animals that require a vast amount of space to live comfortably. In the wild, they travel long distances each day to find food and water. Keeping them in captivity would mean restricting their movement, causing them distress and negatively impacting their physical and mental well-being.

Secondly, these elephants have specific dietary needs that are challenging to meet in a domestic setting. They need a diverse range of plant species to consume, including grasses, leaves, bark, and fruits. These requirements are difficult to replicate, making it nearly impossible to provide the proper nutrition for an African Bush Elephant in a home environment.

Lastly, African Bush Elephants are protected species, and it is illegal to keep them as pets. Sadly, the population of these magnificent animals is continuously decreasing due to habitat loss, poaching, and other human activities. Some subspecies of African Bush Elephants are even listed as endangered or critically endangered. It is crucial to preserve their natural habitats and actively work towards their conservation rather than attempting to keep them as pets.

In conclusion, African Bush Elephants cannot be kept as pets due to their size, specialized dietary needs, and conservation status. It is essential to respect and protect these incredible creatures in their natural habitats rather than trying to keep them confined in captivity.

Size of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant, also known as the African savannah elephant, is the largest land animal on Earth. It is a majestic creature that can grow up to a size of about 10 to 13 feet tall at the shoulder. To help you imagine, this is as tall as a one-storey building! Their weight can range from 5,000 to 14,000 kilograms, which is as heavy as about 10 to 30 small cars!

These elephants have big, long trunks that can be as long as 6.5 to 7.5 feet. Their trunks are very helpful, as they can use it to grasp things like food, water, or to even greet their friends! African bush elephants also have huge ears that can be around 6 feet wide. These ears are not just for hearing, but they also help the elephants to stay cool in the hot African sun by flapping them.

These marvelous creatures have long, curving tusks that can grow up to 10 feet in length. They use these tusks for many purposes, like digging for water, defending themselves against danger, or even for showing off their dominance. Believe it or not, the tusks are actually the elephants’ teeth! They use them very carefully, as they are very valuable and can be sold for a lot of money.

In conclusion, the African bush elephant is truly an incredible animal due to its enormous size. Its height, weight, trunk, ears, and tusks are all unique features that make it one of the most fascinating creatures on the planet. These amazing animals serve as a reminder of the beauty and diversity found in our natural world.

Habitat of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant is a magnificent creature that inhabits various parts of Africa. It calls the vast grasslands, lush forests, and even the semi-arid regions its home. These elephants are highly adaptable and can thrive in diverse habitats due to their remarkable ability to find water and food sources. They have a unique relationship with their environment, shaping and being shaped by it.

In the grasslands, the African bush elephants can be found munching on grass, leaves, and branches. These areas provide them with plenty of open spaces to roam freely and find the nutritious vegetation they need to survive. They create trails through the tall grass and often gather in large herds to socialize and forage together.

The lush forests are another favored habitat for these remarkable animals. With their trunks, African bush elephants can effortlessly pluck leaves, bark, and fruit from trees. They find shelter in the dense canopy and enjoy the cooler temperatures and protection from the sun’s harsh rays. The forests offer a variety of plants and trees, providing them with a diverse diet.

Even in the semi-arid regions, where water and food can be scarce, African bush elephants can thrive. They have an extraordinary ability to detect underground water sources and use their strong trunks to dig for water in dry riverbeds. These elephants have adapted to the challenges of their habitat and have developed behaviors that allow them to find sustenance even in harsh conditions.

Overall, the African bush elephants have managed to create a home in different habitats across Africa. Their ability to adapt, find food and water, and live together is truly impressive. These magnificent animals play a vital role in shaping their environment and creating a balance in the ecosystems they inhabit.

Evolution of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant has been around for a very long time, and over the years it has evolved and changed. It all started millions of years ago when ancient elephants roamed the Earth. These ancient elephants were smaller in size compared to the African bush elephants we see today. As time passed, these elephants evolved and adapted to their environment, growing bigger and stronger.

One of the reasons for their growth in size is because they needed to eat more food to survive. As they lived in grasslands, their diet mainly consisted of tough grass and leaves. To be able to eat enough to stay full, they needed bigger bodies and powerful trunks. These traits were passed down from generation to generation, leading to the development of the enormous African bush elephant we know today.

Another remarkable change in their evolution is the growth of their ivory tusks. Ivory is a type of hard white material that elephants have in their tusks. These tusks play an important role in their lives, used for digging, fighting, and even attracting mates. As time went on, the tusk size gradually increased, allowing them to become even more skilled in these activities.

In summary, the African bush elephant has come a long way in its evolution. From the ancient smaller elephants to the current majestic giants, they have adapted and thrived. Their growth in size and tusks has helped them survive in their grassland habitats, and these traits have been passed down through generations. The African bush elephant is truly a magnificent creature that showcases the wonders of evolution.

Classification of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant is a magnificent and fascinating animal that belongs to the family Elephantidae. It is one of the largest land animals, with males growing up to 10-13 feet tall at the shoulder and weighing an astounding 5,000 to 14,000 kilograms! These gentle giants have thick grey skin, long trunks, and curved ivory tusks that can reach incredible lengths. They are truly a sight to behold!

The African bush elephant can be found throughout the grasslands, forests, and savannas of Africa. They have a distinct classification within the animal kingdom. They are part of the order Proboscidea and the genus Loxodonta. Within the Loxodonta genus, there are two recognized species: the African bush elephant, also known as Loxodonta africana, and its slightly smaller cousin, the African forest elephant, scientifically named Loxodonta cyclotis. While they may look similar, these species have slight differences in their size, tusks, and habitat preferences.

Furthermore, the African bush elephant has its own classification within the Loxodonta africana species. They are divided into three subspecies: the Savanna elephant, the Forest elephant, and the West African elephant. Each subspecies has unique characteristics that adapt them to their specific environments. For example, the Savanna elephant is the largest and most widespread, while the West African elephant is the smallest and found in a small region of Africa. These subspecies demonstrate the diversity and resilience of the African bush elephant.

In summary, the African bush elephant is a remarkable animal classified within the family Elephantidae. It is part of the order Proboscidea and the genus Loxodonta. Within the Loxodonta genus, the African bush elephant is classified as Loxodonta africana and is further divided into the Savanna, Forest, and West African subspecies. These magnificent creatures can be found across different regions of Africa, displaying amazing adaptations to their habitats. The African bush elephant truly showcases the beauty and diversity of the animal kingdom.

Different Types of African Bush Elephant

1. Size: African bush elephants are the largest land animals on Earth, growing up to 10-13 feet tall and weighing between 5,000-14,000 kilograms. They have massive bodies and long, curved tusks which can weigh more than 100 kilograms each.

2. Trunk: Their trunks are highly versatile and serve multiple purposes. They use it to breathe, smell, drink, grab food, and pick up objects. It is like having a long arm and hand all in one!

3. Social behavior: These elephants have strong social bonds and live in herds led by a matriarch. They communicate through sounds, touch, and body language. They often help and protect one another, especially the young and weak.

4. Herbivorous diet: African bush elephants are herbivores, meaning they eat only plants. They mainly consume grasses, fruits, leaves, and branches found in their natural habitat, such as savannahs and forests.

5. Amazing memory: These elephants have an incredible memory that helps them remember important locations for food and water sources. It also helps them recognize other elephants they have encountered before, even after many years.

6. Intelligent creatures: African bush elephants are highly intelligent animals. They can solve puzzles, remember complex routes, and learn new behaviors. They use their intelligence to survive and thrive in their challenging environments.

7. Diverse habitat: They can be found in various habitats across Africa, including grasslands, forests, and even deserts. Their adaptable nature allows them to survive in different environments, as long as they have access to water and enough food.

8. Important eco-engineers: These elephants play a vital role in shaping their environment as they create pathways through dense vegetation, enhancing biodiversity. Their presence helps maintain the balance in the ecosystem they inhabit.

9. Gentle giants: Despite their massive size, African bush elephants have a gentle nature. They are generally peaceful animals and are known for their calm and friendly behavior towards other species, including humans.

10. Threats and conservation: Unfortunately, African bush elephants are facing various threats such as habitat loss, poaching for ivory, and conflicts with humans. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these magnificent animals and ensure their survival for future generations to appreciate and learn from.

Geographical Presence of African Bush Elephant

The African Bush Elephant, also known as the African savanna elephant, is found in various regions of Africa. These majestic animals can be seen roaming in countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Botswana, and Zimbabwe, among others. They thrive in habitats like savannas, grasslands, and the dense forests of Central and West Africa. With their massive size and iconic tusks, African Bush Elephants have become a famous symbol of wildlife on the African continent.

However, there are certain regions where African Bush Elephants are not found. One such region is the Sahara Desert, which stretches across North Africa. The extreme desert conditions, with its scorching heat and limited water sources, make it unsuitable for these large mammals. Additionally, the Congo Basin rainforest, located in Central Africa, is home to another species of elephant, the African Forest Elephant. These forested regions are not suitable for the African Bush Elephant due to their distinct habitat requirements.

In conclusion, the African Bush Elephant is found in various regions across Africa, including Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. They thrive in habitats such as savannas, grasslands, and the dense forests of Central and West Africa. However, they are not found in regions like the Sahara Desert and the Congo Basin rainforest, as these areas do not provide suitable conditions for their survival.

Diet of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant has a very diverse diet that helps it stay strong and healthy. These big animals are herbivores, which means they eat only plants and not meat. They have a special diet that is based on what they can find in their natural habitat.

A major part of an African bush elephant’s diet consists of grass. They spend a lot of their time grazing on the grasslands, munching on the tender grass shoots. Since they need to eat so much grass, they use their trunks to pull out large mouthfuls at a time. This helps them fill their bellies quickly.

In addition to grass, these elephants also enjoy eating leaves, twigs, and small branches. They use their long trunks to reach high up in the trees and grab the tasty leaves. This is a good way for them to get the nutrients they need. They can also strip bark off trees to eat the inner layer, which provides them with extra sustenance.

Lastly, African bush elephants are big fans of fruits and vegetables, just like humans! They have a sweet tooth and relish the taste of different fruits like berries, melons, and mangoes. They also like to snack on vegetables such as carrots, pumpkins, and bananas. These yummy treats provide them with extra vitamins and minerals which are good for their overall health.

In summary, the African bush elephant has a varied diet of grass, leaves, twigs, fruits, and vegetables. By eating this wide range of plant foods, they can get all the essential nutrients they need to stay fit and strong in their natural habitat.

Locomotion of African Bush Elephant

The African Bush Elephant is a majestic animal that moves around in a unique way. It uses its large and strong legs to walk on the ground. When it walks, all four legs move together, in a slow and steady pace. Its feet have a spongy sole, which helps to absorb shocks as they walk on rough surfaces like rocks and uneven ground. These feet make it easier for the elephant to move silently, without making much noise.

Apart from walking, the African Bush Elephant can also run, but not very fast. They can only run at a speed of about 25 miles per hour. When they run, they lift their front legs to create a longer stride for speed. However, they are not very agile, so they generally prefer walking or moving at a slower pace. Despite their size, they can move gracefully and quietly through the African bush, using their strong legs to support their massive bodies.

Social and Sexual Behaviour of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephants have fascinating social behavior. They live in groups called herds, which consist of females and their young ones. Male elephants usually roam alone or in smaller groups. Within the herd, there is a well-defined social structure. The oldest and most experienced female, known as the matriarch, leads the herd. Other females also play important roles in decision-making and protecting the group.

These elephants display a strong bond between family members. They communicate with each other using various vocalizations, such as trumpeting or rumbling. They also use physical touch, like touching trunks or rubbing against each other. This touching behavior helps them strengthen their relationships and show affection towards one another.

Regarding their sexual behavior, male elephants compete with each other for the attention of females during mating season. They do this by displaying their strength and size, and sometimes engaging in physical fights. Once a male elephant wins a female’s attention, they mate and then separate. The female, known as a cow, will later give birth to a single calf. This close-knit social and sexual behavior is what makes African bush elephants unique and captivating animals.

Reproduction and Lifecycle of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant reproduces by a unique process called sexual reproduction. When a male elephant reaches a certain age, it becomes ready to mate with a female elephant. Mating usually happens during the rainy season when food is abundant. The male elephant approaches the female and tries to woo her by making loud noises, smelling her urine, and showing off his large tusks. If the female is interested, she allows the male to mount her.

Once mating occurs, the female elephant’s pregnancy begins. Elephants have the longest gestation period among all land animals, lasting about 22 months, which is almost 2 years! This means that the baby elephant grows inside the mother’s womb for a very long time. When the time comes, the mother elephant gives birth to a single calf, which already weighs around 220 pounds or 100 kilograms and stands about 3 feet or 1 meter tall.

The life cycle of an African bush elephant is fascinating. After being born, the calf relies on its mother’s milk for about two years. During this time, the calf learns important skills by closely observing its mother, such as how to find food, where to look for water, and how to use its trunk. As the calf grows, it becomes more independent, but it still stays close to its mother for protection. The elephant’s life span is quite long, usually around 60 to 70 years. Throughout its life, an elephant will go through different stages, from being a curious and playful calf to a fully grown adult capable of leading its own family group.

Threats to African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant, one of the most magnificent creatures on our planet, is facing numerous threats that jeopardize its very existence. One such threat is poaching. Sadly, these elephants are illegally hunted for their valuable ivory tusks. Greedy individuals kill these gentle giants and sell their tusks, leaving behind a trail of death and destruction. This ruthless practice not only decreases the elephant population but also disrupts their social structure and affects the ecosystem they inhabit.

Another threat to African bush elephants is habitat loss. As human populations continue to grow, more land is needed for agriculture, settlements, and infrastructure development. Consequently, the elephants’ natural habitats, such as forests and savannas, are being destroyed at an alarming rate. With shrinking areas to roam freely and find food, elephants often come into conflict with humans, leading to further harm to both parties.

Lastly, climate change poses a significant threat to these magnificent animals. Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns directly impact their natural environment, causing droughts, food shortages, and increased vulnerability to diseases. Severe weather events also pose risks to their survival, as floods and storms can destroy their habitats and disrupt their behavior and migration patterns.

In summary, the African bush elephant faces threats on multiple fronts. Poaching for ivory, habitat loss, and climate change are all contributing factors to their decline. It is imperative that we raise awareness about these threats, support anti-poaching efforts, promote sustainable land use practices, and take action to mitigate climate change. Otherwise, future generations may only know these incredible creatures through stories and pictures, unable to witness their magnificence firsthand.

Population of African Bush Elephant

The African bush elephant is a majestic animal that inhabits the grasslands and forests of Africa. It is known for its enormous size, with males reaching up to 10 feet tall and weighing around 6 tons. These gentle giants have a lifespan of about 60-70 years in the wild.

However, the population of African bush elephants has been steadily declining due to various threats, including habitat loss, poaching for their ivory tusks, and conflict with humans. According to estimates, there are currently around 415,000 African bush elephants left in the wild, but this number is not confirmed and can only be assumed.

If the African bush elephant were to become extinct, it would be a great loss to our planet’s biodiversity. These magnificent creatures play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by dispersing seeds, creating water holes, and keeping vegetation in check. Their extinction would have a devastating impact on their habitats and the other species that depend on them.

Therefore, it is important for us to protect and conserve the African bush elephant, not only for their sake but for the well-being of our planet as a whole. By raising awareness, implementing strict anti-poaching measures, and preserving their natural habitats, we can hopefully ensure a future where these magnificent animals thrive and continue to roam the African landscapes.

Conclusion

In the vast and beautiful plains of Africa, one animal reigns supreme – the African Bush Elephant. These majestic creatures have a long and storied history, and their presence has enriched the African continent for centuries. From their massive size to their unique habitat, the African Bush Elephant truly captivates our hearts.

One cannot help but be amazed by the sheer size of the African Bush Elephant. Standing up to 13 feet tall and weighing a staggering 14,000 pounds, these gentle giants are the largest land animals on Earth. Their incredible size allows them to eat up to 300 pounds of food each day, consisting mainly of grass, leaves, and bark.

The African Bush Elephant’s habitat is vast and diverse, ranging from dense forests to open grasslands. These beautiful creatures are highly adaptable and can be found in over 37 different countries in Africa. Unfortunately, due to habitat loss and poaching, their populations have decreased significantly over the years, making it crucial for us to protect and preserve their natural habitats.

In conclusion, the African Bush Elephant is a magnificent and awe-inspiring animal. Its colossal size, diverse habitat, and crucial role in the African ecosystem make it a symbol of strength and resilience. It is our responsibility to ensure the survival of these incredible creatures by raising awareness about their conservation, supporting anti-poaching efforts, and preserving their habitats for future generations to come. Let us join hands to protect these gentle giants and ensure that the African Bush Elephant continues to roam and thrive in the wild.

Frequently Asked Questions about African Bush Elephant (FAQ’s)

Q: What is the scientific name for the African bush elephant?
A: The scientific name for the African bush elephant is Loxodonta africana.

Q: What is the African bush elephant’s habitat?
A: African bush elephants inhabit a wide range of habitats, including savannas, forests, and grasslands.

Q: How big can African bush elephants grow?
A: African bush elephants are the largest land animals and can grow up to 10 to 13 feet tall at the shoulder and weigh between 5,000 to 14,000 pounds.

Q: What do African bush elephants eat?
A: African bush elephants are herbivores and mainly feed on grass, leaves, bark, and fruits.

Q: How long do African bush elephants live?
A: African bush elephants have a lifespan of approximately 60 to 70 years in the wild.

Q: Can African bush elephants swim?
A: Yes, African bush elephants are excellent swimmers and can cross rivers and lakes if necessary.

Q: How do African bush elephants communicate with each other?
A: African bush elephants communicate using a variety of vocalizations, including trumpeting, rumbling, and growling. They also use body language such as ear flapping and trunk movements.

Q: Are African bush elephants social animals?
A: Yes, African bush elephants are highly social animals and live in complex matriarchal family groups led by the oldest female.

Q: How long is the gestation period of African bush elephants?
A: The gestation period for African bush elephants is approximately 22 months, making it the longest of any land mammal.

Q: Do African bush elephants have tusks?
A: Yes, both male and female African bush elephants have tusks, which are elongated incisor teeth.

Q: Are African bush elephants an endangered species?
A: Yes, African bush elephants are currently classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), primarily due to poaching for ivory and habitat loss.

Q: How fast can African bush elephants run?
A: African bush elephants can reach speeds of up to 25 miles per hour when running.

Q: Can African bush elephants use tools?
A: There have been reports of African bush elephants using tools, such as sticks or branches, to swat flies or scratch themselves.

Q: Are African bush elephants intelligent animals?
A: Yes, African bush elephants are considered to be one of the most intelligent animals, exhibiting problem-solving skills, complex social behaviors, and emotional intelligence.

Q: How do African bush elephants cool themselves down?
A: African bush elephants use various methods to keep cool, such as bathing in water, mud, or dust, and flapping their ears to increase air circulation and reduce body temperature.

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